Teach you the cultivation skills of ice wine grape.

Since 2003, 70 groups began to grow ice wine grapes, and so far it has grown to 67 hectares. The main varieties are snake dragon beads, Merlot and so on. Ice wine grape is the grape picked when the cell water freezes in the fruit grain at the temperature of-10 ℃ and when the sugar is naturally separated. It is the main raw material for making ice red and ice white wine.

First, planting principles 1. The output is strictly restricted, generally less than 800 kilograms per 667 square meters. Pruning and retaining branches in winter, wiping buds, fixing shoots, thinning flowers and ears in summer, the yield per plant is 2.5-3 kg. two。 Delay the harvest time, prohibit watering and spraying any chemicals, and hang nets to prevent birds from pecking. 3. The picking temperature is about-10 ℃ and the sugar accumulates to 350g / L. Harvest in late November, usually before 12:00 in the morning, and stop picking when the temperature picks up. Remove diseased fruit, green fruit and rotten fruit from the vine 3 months before picking. Sundries are not allowed when picking. 4. Beating leaves at the end of August to make the grape ear fully see the light, accelerate the sugar accumulation and increase the sugar content. 5. Dig the pit in advance, trim and bury the soil while picking. 6. When the temperature is below-10 ℃, press slowly. Second, cultivation techniques 1. Ploughing, loosening and weeding in the middle ploughing and loosening soil to keep the soil loose and weed free. two。 The irrigation times are controlled by "promoting before and after irrigation", mainly furrow irrigation. ① irrigated sprouting water once before and after sprouting to promote neat germination and rapid growth of new shoots in the early stage. ② promoted the rapid growth of new shoots and leaves once before flowering. ③ was watered once after flowering. During the period of rapid expansion of young fruit of ④, the young fruit should be irrigated once every 15-20 days, and it should be irrigated 2-3 times, which is beneficial to the rapid expansion of berries. ⑤ was filled with frozen water before winter to facilitate root plants to survive the winter safely. Irrigation is prohibited during flowering and 3 months before harvest. 3. Fertilization requires ① base fertilizer 1 to 3 years old to adopt hole application, dig 30 × 30 × 40 cm pit between plants, 667 square meters apply mature organic fertilizer 1 × 1.5 cubic meters, add diammonium phosphate 25 kg after grape harvest to before burying soil, 4-year-old trees adopt ditch application, 30 cm wide and 40 cm deep at 50 cm away from grapes, and 667 square meters apply rotten organic fertilizer 2cm m3. ② topdressing applied 15kg urea before germination, 20kg diammonium phosphate before flowering, 25kg diammonium phosphate and 10kg potash fertilizer during berry expansion period. After berry harvest, combined application of base fertilizer 667 square meters plus application of diammonium phosphate 25 kg. Dig a shallow pit with a depth of 15cm and 20cm from the grape plant, and irrigate immediately after application. Qilishi, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% urea were sprayed 3 times at intervals of 10 to 15 days. 4. The regular fan shape of non-trunk multi-main vine was adopted in shaping and pruning, and 3 main vines were selected, and the fruiting branches were directly planted on the main vines. According to the characteristics of the varieties, there were 6-9 fruiting branches, 15-30 new shoots per square meter and 15-20 fruiting branches per plant. The renewal of ① main vine in 6 ~ 8 years old, the new shoots with strong and good direction were selected from the tillers and cultivated into the main vine according to the young tree shaping method, at the same time, the main vine was gradually renewed, and the main vine was cut off within 1-2 years to complete the renewal work. ② pruning technique will be pruned in winter immediately after harvest. Long shoot pruning: cut 712 buds. Mid-tip pruning: cut 4-6 buds. Short shoot pruning: cut 2-3 buds. According to the fan-shaped requirements of the hedgerow without three main vines, the mother branches are pruned with long, medium and short shoots to make them evenly distributed, lengthen the branches long, keep the lateral branches short, the strong ones long, the weak branches short, the young trees long, the older trees short, the trees with few branches long, and the trees with few branches short. Remove the branches less than 30 cm from the ground, and select the fruiting mother branch according to 25-30 cm. After the ③ was trimmed and unearthed in summer, the main vine and the fruit branch were evenly tilted and bound to the surface of the wire rack, and the height of the branch should not exceed the second wire (from top to bottom). After the new shoots germinated, the branches less than 30cm, too many buds and new shoots were removed, one strong new shoot per bud eye, 1530 new shoots per square meter and 1520 fruiting branches per plant. When the new tip is 30cm long and 40cm long, it is evenly tied to the wire and cannot overlap. Remove the tendrils in time. The vegetative branch left 8 leaves and 12 leaves to pick the heart, and the auxiliary tip left 1 leaf to pick the heart repeatedly. 5. After the grape harvest reaches the harvest target, the grape can be harvested. Handle gently when picking to avoid loss caused by falling grains. 6. Buried and unearthed ① buries the soil while pruning. When burying the soil, the grape branches are all in the same direction, covering all the branches with a thickness of 25cm to 30cm. ② was sprayed in the grape ditch to prevent rodent damage.

③ was unearthed when the sap began to flow in the following year to before sprouting, in the first and middle of April, the trenches were cleared in time after being unearthed to ensure irrigation. 7. ① should do a good job of clearing the garden all year round, cutting off and thoroughly destroying the latent leaves, branches and fruits of diseases and insect pests at any time. Thoroughly remove overwintering diseases and pests, the commonly used scavenging agent is stone sulfur mixture + 0.3% pentachlorophenol sodium. Spray protective agent early before the disease occurs. ② strengthens management to cultivate a strong tree potential. Using organic fertilizer as the main fertilizer and chemical fertilizer as the auxiliary, increasing the application of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and trace elements to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. Remove branches and leaves in time, enhance ventilation and permeability, prevent grape diseases and promote water evaporation in fruit grains. ③ according to the occurrence law of control objects, reasonable selection of pesticides, spraying time and methods, mixed cross-use of drugs, so as to avoid drug resistance, so as to improve the utilization rate of pesticides. ④ spraying achieves "four unifications", that is, unified medicament, unified spraying concentration, unified spraying time and unified spraying method, in order to improve the control effect.