High-yield cultivation techniques of okra

Okra is an annual herb of the genus okra of Malvaceae. Alias croissant beans, carrots, okra, okra, coffee okra and so on. It is not only a nutritious health care vegetable, but also a common traditional Chinese medicine with remarkable curative effect, and a greening and beautifying material with high ornamental value. it is a kind of vegetable, medicine and flower plant, and its development prospect is very broad. The main cultivation models are as follows: one is high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation; the second is greenhouse cultivation; the third is pot-basket cultivation.

Variety selection

The color and flesh of the pod can be divided into turquoise and fuchsia from the perspective of fruit color. At present, the turquoise pods on the market have better meat quality and are favored by consumers, while the purplish red pods are poor and should not be selected. Plant height ① dwarf species: plant height of about 1 meter, many lateral branches, main branches and lateral branches can blossom; pods early, pods dark green, pods more pointed, mature pods up to 20 cm long, with five edges, cross section is pentagonal; varieties are evergreen, green star, Jade pentagram, Tokyo Wujiao, New Tokyo No. 5, Qingfu, Wufu, Mixiang, etc., all can be selected. ② medium culm species: the plant height is about 1.5m, the fruit is angularless, the cross section is round, mostly green; varieties are emerald, green velvet, Notre Dame finger, etc., can be selected. ③ tall stalk species: plant height about 2 meters, few lateral branches, green pods, octagonal fruit, octagonal cross section; varieties have Perkins large long horn, large stalk, etc., can be selected. The suitable plot of okra for land selection, soil preparation and fertilization is a short-day plant with strong heat tolerance and strong light, so it is necessary to choose areas with sufficient ventilation and light, with deep taproot, developed lateral roots and strong ability to absorb fertilizer and water. it is necessary to choose loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and rich organic matter. Drought and moisture tolerance, but not waterlogging, slightly stagnant water, that is, rotten leaves and yellow roots, the planting land needs low groundwater level and good drainage; it is not suitable for continuous cropping, avoid acidic soil, and the soil pH value is 6-6.8; the previous crop should be a vegetable garden and cotton stubble should not be planted. The application of sufficient organic base fertilizer okra is different from legume crops, there is no rhizobium found in the roots, there is no ability to fix free nitrogen in the air, that is, it can not produce nitrogen fertilizer; at the same time, it is a crop that needs more fertilizer. Therefore, it is necessary to apply more fertilizers, especially organic farm base fertilizer. It is required to apply more than 5000 kilograms of fully mature livestock and poultry manure per mu, spread the ground before soil preparation in spring, then turn it into the soil, rake and mix it well, so that the soil and fertilizer can be fully mixed, which can not only improve the fertility, but also improve the soil to meet the needs of its growth and development. After the previous harvest, deep ploughing and deep ploughing in autumn and winter should be carried out in time to reach a depth of more than 25 centimeters, and then be fully sunburned and frozen, so as to deepen the ripe soil layer, further loosen the soil, and enhance the soil water storage and fertilizer conservation capacity. Before opening ditches to prepare the soil before planting in spring, it is required to be fine, flat, loose, soft, empty on the top and solid on the bottom. On this basis, ditches will be opened to make beds. It is generally required that the border surface is 170 cm wide, the border ditch is 50 cm wide, the border and groove are added together, covering an area of 220 cm, and the border ditch depth is about 20 cm. In this way, it is beneficial to the wide and narrow row planting and management of okra, and to ensure that the drainage is smooth, the field does not accumulate water, and the seedlings are not stained.