Technology of planting late-ripening watermelon

Late-ripening watermelon is an important source to supplement the shortage of watermelons in the market before and after Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day. Qiuyan watermelon has the advantages of good quality, good taste, low investment and high benefit. Next, let's learn about its cultivation techniques with the editor.

Technology of planting late-ripening watermelon

First, the selection and preparation of soil is fertile, the topography is slightly higher with slope, it is convenient for drainage and irrigation, and the sandy loam soil that has not planted melon crops is better. The previous crop should be turned in the sun in time after harvest, using 2000 kg of organic fertilizer or soil fertilizer per mu, 30 kg of urea and 30 kg of potassium sulfate as base fertilizer, sprinkle it into the sunny ground and rake out the compartment, with a width of 60 cm and a height of 15 cm.

Second, select good varieties and select varieties with medium and early maturity, disease resistance, high temperature, high humidity and transportation resistance.

Third, sowing and planting in time in order to be on the market during the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day. Generally, the seedlings are sown around July 20-25, and then transplanted and planted in the first and middle of August. Soaking seeds to accelerate sprouting. The seeds were sunned for two hours one day before soaking, then the seeds were soaked in 30 ℃ water for 4 hours, scrubbed and washed, drained and germinated in 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃. Cultivate strong seedlings. The nursery bed is 80 cm wide and the seedlings are raised with a nutrition cup of 1010 cm. Preparation of nutritious soil: 6 pieces of soil, 4 parts of high-quality cooked cattle and pig manure, 0.5 kg urea, 0.5 kg diammonium and 0.5 kg potassium sulfate per square meter, fully mixed into nutrition cup and sown. In order to ensure the high survival rate of seedling, the seedling bed adopts the measures of preventing rain and sun from weeds covered by small arch shed. Colonization. It was planted in the field in the first and middle of August, with row spacing of 1.6 meters, plant spacing of 0.4 to 0.5 meters, and 900 plants per mu. If covered with plastic film after planting, it can improve the field microclimate and play a role in drought prevention and shade.

Fourth, strengthen the field management of autumn watermelon growth time is short, fast, management should pay attention to the following points.

The main results are as follows: 1. Multi-vine pruning uses two or three vines, leaving 1-2 strong lateral vines at 3-5 nodes at the base of the main vine, and all the other vines are removed. Do not pinch with hands when pruning, and prune with trimmers stained with topiramate solution to prevent the spread of diseases.

2. Artificial pollination of autumn watermelon flowering and pollination is in the rainy or dry season, and the female flower node is low, so it is not easy to set melon, so the method of artificial pollination can increase the setting rate. The pollination time was carried out at 6: 9 a.m., and the pollination time was marked for identification when picking melons.

Efficacy and function of watermelon

1. Watermelon can clear heat and relieve summer heat, except annoyance and quench thirst: watermelon contains a lot of water. When you have a fever, thirst, sweat and irritability, eat a piece of sweet, sandy and hydrated watermelon, the symptoms will be improved immediately.

2. The sugar and salt contained in watermelon can diuresis and eliminate kidney inflammation. Protease can convert insoluble protein into soluble protein and increase the nutrition of patients with glomerulonephritis.

Watermelons also contain substances that can lower blood pressure.

4. The urine volume will increase obviously after eating watermelon, which can reduce the content of bile pigment and make the stool unobstructed, which plays a certain role in the treatment of jaundice.

5. Fresh watermelon juice and fresh melon peel increase skin elasticity, make people younger, reduce wrinkles and add luster.

3. Timely prevention of diseases and insect pests Autumn watermelon is the season with more high temperature diseases and insect pests, such as anthracnose, blight, downy mildew, Fusarium wilt and virus.

Environmental conditions for the growth of watermelon

1, temperature: watermelon is a temperature-loving crop, resistant to heat, afraid of low temperature, in the whole growth process, requires a higher temperature. When the optimum temperature is 25 ℃ 30 ℃, which is lower than 12 ℃, the normal physiological function of watermelon is destroyed. Freezing injury may occur when the temperature is less than 5 ℃. However, about 40 ℃, it still had high photosynthetic capacity. Watermelon seeds began to germinate at 15 ℃ and 16 ℃, and the optimum temperature for germination was 28 ℃ and 30 ℃.

2. Light: watermelon is a light-loving crop with a light saturation point of 80 000 lux and a light compensation point of 6400 lux. Longer sunshine hours and strong light are very beneficial to the growth and development, yield formation and quality improvement of watermelon. Under the condition of sufficient light, the plant grew normally, such as thick stem, short node, thick leaf, thick green color, easy to set melon, high yield and high quality.

3. Moisture: the root system of watermelon is well developed, which can be deep into the soil for 1 or 5 meters. Strong ability to absorb water. Watermelon leaves have more cracks and hairs to reduce water transpiration, so watermelon has a strong drought tolerance. Watermelon requires loose and ventilated soil, too much rainfall or soil hardening is disadvantageous to its growth, and its root system is extremely intolerant to waterlogging, especially excessive rainfall at seedling stage and waterlogging on the ground, which will seriously affect the growth and development of watermelon seedlings, and then significantly delay the growth period. If there is too much rainfall in the extension period, it will cause prosperous growth, it is difficult to set melons, and significantly reduce the yield.

4. Soil and soil nutrients: watermelon likes sandy loam with good ventilation, fast heat absorption, loose and fertile soil and deep soil layer. This kind of soil has good air permeability, which is beneficial to the development of root system in depth, and can significantly improve the drought resistance and absorption level of watermelon. Sandy soil has small heat capacity, fast heat absorption in daytime, early warming in spring, rapid heat dissipation at night, and large temperature difference between day and night, which is not only conducive to the growth and development of watermelon roots and the absorption and transport of mineral fertilizers, but also conducive to the accumulation of organic nutrients. it can increase the sugar content of fruit and is conducive to high yield and high quality.

The cultivation of watermelon is very common in our country, especially the demand for watermelon in summer is very large. In the hot summer when thirst is unbearable, eating a piece of watermelon can not only relieve the heat, but also make people relaxed and happy.