Field management technology of watermelon in open field

Speaking of watermelons, do we think of the scene of eating watermelons in summer? When the weather is hot in summer, we usually cut the watermelon in half and dig it with a spoon. Although it doesn't look like a lady, it feels particularly good, especially chilled watermelon, which is a delicacy in summer.

Field management technology of watermelon in open field

1. Ventilation to introduce seedlings. The seedlings can emerge 5-7 days after sowing, and the leaves of the newly unearthed seedlings are tender, and the seedlings are easy to be baked by high temperature exposure, sun exposure or leaf top film. When the air temperature reaches more than 20 ℃, it is necessary to increase the ventilation port and adjust the temperature in the film. Practice has proved that "early ventilation, late introduction of seedlings" after the end of the final frost, the introduction of seedlings, first pull out the weeds in the film, fill enough water, and seal the plants strictly with soil.

2. Pruning and pressing vines. 509 watermelon is suitable for pruning of three vines, that is, in addition to keeping the main vine, two strong lateral vines are left at the base, and the rest of the lateral vines are removed. When the watermelon grows 5-6 true leaves, the seedlings will be topped. To invert the seedlings is to beat off the branches at the base, and then overwhelm the base of the seedlings with fine soil, forcing the seedlings to stretch towards the climbing vine. The suitable amount of soil pressure is that the basal petiole is exposed to 1pm 3, and all the leaves are exposed. Begin to press the vine when the vine is about 30 cm long, and then press the vine once for every 30-35 cm long. In the fruit expansion period, the vine growth rate significantly slows down the leaves to cover the ground, then you can stop pressing the vine, generally pressing the vine for 5-6 times. 3. Select and fix melons. Generally, one melon is left per plant, the first melon is not left, and the second melon or three melons are picked in time after sitting down, so as to prevent excessive vegetative growth from overgrowing and crazy seedlings. it is appropriate to sit at 13-15 knots. After the fruit is set, it is necessary to turn the melon, cushion the melon and cover the melon. In order to ensure the normal pollination and setting of female flowers, artificial pollination can be carried out from 7 to 10:00 in the morning. After 10:00, the temperature rises, the pollen vitality decreases gradually, and the vitality is lost completely around noon. It is too early, the pollen has not yet dispersed, and it is not suitable for pollination. During pollination, the male flowers are picked and petals removed, and then the pollen is gently smeared on the stigma of the female flowers to make it fully and evenly pollinated. 4. Topdressing and irrigation of watermelon. When setting fruit in watermelon, when the fruit is about the size of goose eggs, the hole depth is 10-20 cm at about 20 cm of melon seedlings, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate is applied, and 1 kg of special potassium king for watermelon is mixed, about 15 g of each hole is applied, and the hole is strictly fertilized with soil seal. Foliar fertilizer spraying: after fruit setting, spraying "Daming Luxing" plant growth promoter every 7-10 days can promote watermelon ripening 5-7 days earlier and increase yield. One of the important experiences of high yield of watermelon is irrigation. Watermelons should be locally watered two or three times if the weather is dry. There is no need to flood them, let alone flood them.

Cultivation techniques of watermelon in open field

I. selection of varieties

It is necessary to choose marketable varieties according to market demand, and choose varieties with good quality, high yield and strong disease resistance. in recent years, the main watermelon varieties suitable for spring cultivation in our county are: Fengle 5, Mei Kang 8, Xinfeng 5, Xinong 8, Heihu, lazy 818, black beauty, Xiaoyu series and other small fruit melons.

Second, the choice of planting site

Planting watermelon plots should choose leeward and sunny flat land, not continuous cropping, but should choose plots with convenient drainage and irrigation, deep soil layer and rich organic matter. Our town basically uses rice-melon double cropping system to grow watermelons.

After the soil was turned deep and dried for half a month, the whole border was made into a border with a width of 1.5 meters and a height of about 20 centimeters. A planting ditch with a width of 30 centimeters was dug on one side of the high border. 1000-1500 kg of rotten farm manure, 25 kg of compound fertilizer, 1.5 kg of borax and 4 kg of magnesium sulfate were applied in the ditch.

Third, soaking seeds

The watermelon seeds with full seeds were soaked in 55 ℃ warm water and stirred continuously. When the water temperature dropped to 30 ℃, soak for another 5 hours, wash the mucus on the seed coat, drain the water and sow in time.

Fourth, cultivate strong seedlings

Generally, seedlings are raised in a nutrition bowl (seedling plate) in mid-early March to avoid direct seeding. The average temperature in Hengyang area is relatively low from March to April. One week before seed soaking and sprouting, the nutrient soil should be arranged, loaded with a nutrition bowl, and then covered with a thin film. Lest Rain Water wet the nutrition bowl. When sowing, first use a sprinkler to water the nutritious soil, then sow the seeds and cover with 1cm thick wet fine soil. The seedlings can be transplanted to the field when they are 30-35 days old and have 2-4 true leaves. Spray the seedlings the day before transplanting to prevent diseases and insect pests.

5. Seedling management and seedling density

After emergence, pay attention to the timely release of the seedlings to prevent the seedlings from roasting to death. Watermelon seedlings can be planted with three leaves in one mind. The planting density per mu of large watermelon is 600 million 700 plants, and that of small watermelon 700 plants is 800.

What should be paid attention to when growing watermelons in open field

The main contents are as follows: 1. Select the high-cool land with convenient drainage;

2. Excavation of matching drains, field ditches, peripheral ditches and total drains should be deeper than 25cm, 30cm and 40cm respectively, so that rain drainage is convenient, rain water is drained, and there is no stagnant water in the ditches.

3. Raise high ridges to avoid stagnant water at the base of melon seedlings;

4. Select varieties with strong resistance, such as disease resistance 948, 8714, Jinzhong Guanlong, Xinhongbao, etc.

5. Sowing and transplanting should not be premature, and it is more suitable for transplanting when the temperature warms up in the middle and last ten days of April.

6. the cost of plastic film is not high, but it can increase the ground temperature and keep the root dry, and it can be harvested about a week in advance.

7. conditionally lay plastic film and build a simple small ring shed to improve the ability to resist disasters, transplant and fruiting melons ahead of time, and bring melons into plum before the arrival of plum rain, so as to prevent the humidity of Rain Water in the period of plum rain.

Selection of watermelon varieties

There are many varieties of muskmelon planted in greenhouse, which are basically early-maturing small fruit varieties. There are light skin type and reticulation type, light skin type has yellow skin system and white skin system, and reticulation type has comprehensive reticulation and semi-reticulation system. The colors of the flesh are white meat, green meat, red meat and so on.

Thick-skinned melon is a high-grade fruit, and its commercial fruit must be beautiful in appearance, high in sugar content, good in quality and flavor, resistant to storage and transportation and long shelf life. In wet and rainy areas, early maturity, disease resistance, low temperature and weak light are also required. The varieties suitable for cultivation in this area are Elizabeth, Huatian 2503, Sibaluoto, Zhuangyuan, Yucui, Loran, Huilihong and other hybrid varieties.

There are many kinds of watermelons, and different watermelons have different tastes, so when growing watermelons, you should pay attention to choosing good varieties of watermelons, and only watermelons with good taste will have market space, otherwise a year of hard work will be wasted. Therefore, in the planting of watermelon varieties, and the choice of land is more important, must not be ignored!