The key must be grasped in order to grow Chinese yam with high yield.

With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, yam is becoming more and more popular, and consumption is rising rapidly. Zhang Peihai, a farmer from Daluoche Bu Village, Jianyuan Town, Changle County, Shandong Province, seized this business opportunity and used science and technology to develop Chinese yam production, becoming a well-known yam grower. He planted pollution-free yam, a large, high quality, exported to Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other cities, as well as Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asia. In 2009, the net income of his 4 mu yam reached 10,000 yuan per mu; in 2010, the average mu income of his 5 mu yam reached 12100 yuan; in 2011, the area expanded to 6 mu. From this year's output (2200 kg per mu) and current sales (average price 7.6 yuan per kilogram), the mu income is still more than 10,000 yuan. His main experience:

First, select a suitable plot to do a good job of deep turning and soil preparation yam is a tuber crop, tuber deeper into the soil, drought-resistant and afraid of stains, like deep and loose soil. Therefore, he chose sandy loam with high dryness and good drainage. Sandy loam has good looseness and permeability, quick temperature increase and early seedling emergence, which is beneficial to the elongation and expansion of tubers. In view of the situation that yam is not tolerant to continuous cropping and the disease of continuous cropping is aggravated, the method of rotation between yam and Gramineae crops is carried out every 2 years, which can effectively reduce or avoid the occurrence of diseases. Every year after autumn, before the soil is frozen, plant ditches with a row spacing of 70 cm to 80 cm, with a depth of 100 cm and a width of 25 cm. Put the raw soil and mature soil on the edge of the ditch respectively. After a winter and spring, the soil has been fully matured, and the diseases and insect pests in the soil have been frozen to death. Pick out all the big sand and tiles encountered in the trench so as not to cause injury to the yam tuber. In the early spring of next year, combined with basic fertilizer, backfill the soil into the ditch, first fill the raw soil, and then fill the cooked soil, and press it with your foot for every 30cm to prevent the planting ditch from collapsing. Second, the selection of improved varieties and adequate basal fertilizer is the internal cause of high yield and high quality. He selected Japanese Dahe taro with strong adaptability, great potential to increase production and high quality, which laid the foundation for the high yield and high quality of yam. Chinese yam has a long growth period and needs a large amount of fertilizer. in order to obtain high yield and high quality, we must apply fertilizer scientifically according to the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at 4:1:5. First of all, apply sufficient base fertilizer, apply 3000 kg of rotten high-quality organic fertilizer per mu, mixed with 100kg Sakefu compound fertilizer, and apply it in the soil layer below 25 cm. Because yam is a potassium-loving and chlorine-avoiding crop, if chlorine-containing fertilizer is used, the yield and quality of tubers will decline, and it is not easy to store and transport. As a result, he never uses chlorine-containing fertilizers in growing yams and pays attention to adding potash fertilizer. After fertilization, a flood was irrigated along the ditch, and after irrigation, the soil was loosened to preserve soil moisture and increase the temperature, so as to lay a good foundation for Chinese yam sowing and seedling preservation. Third, sowing Chinese yam covered with plastic film at the right time likes warmth and is not resistant to frost. when sowing, the temperature is low prematurely and rotten seeds are easy to occur. However, the growth period of Chinese yam is about 180 days, and the yield and quality will be reduced after sowing. Sow seeds when the ground temperature of 5 cm is stable at 14 ℃, in the middle of April, no later than the end of April at the latest. One month before sowing, choose the outdoor leeward to sprout. Before sowing, dry the seeds in the sun for 3 to 5 days, then soak the seeds with 500 times gold filling solution or 40% carbendazim glue 300 times suspension for 15 minutes, remove and dry after soaking. After this treatment, the seedlings can not only be sterilized and disinfected, but also promote the whole strength of the seedlings. Ditch sowing, ditch depth 7 cm, Shundou mu phoxim granule 2 kg, can control mole cricket, grub, ground tiger, golden needle worm and other pests. For the plots where nematode disease occurs, Shungou distributes avermectin granules, or Yishubao granules, or Milol granules, 5kg to 10kg per mu. Apply 5 kilograms of Sakefu fertilizer per mu to make seed fertilizer. Mix fertilizers, pesticides and soil well, and then pour a little water down the ditch. After sowing and covering the soil, cover it with plastic film 1.2 meters wide. Plastic film mulching has the effect of increasing temperature and preserving soil moisture, promoting seedling emergence 4 or 6 days earlier, and increasing production by 10% to 20%. In order to prevent the harm of weeds, after leveling the ground before covering the film, 150 ml of blunt grass per mu and spraying 50 kg of water on the ground can be used to control Gramineae and broad-leaved weeds with a validity period of 45 to 60 days. Fourth, strengthen field management to promote high yield and high quality. Break the membrane and release the seedlings in time after emergence, when half of the seedlings are exposed to the ground, when the seedlings are 20 centimeters high, it is necessary to build a frame. two。 Fertilize and cultivate the soil at the right time. The stem and leaf growth of Chinese yam at seedling stage is small, and when the base is full, there is no need for topdressing. Around the middle of June, enter the stage of throwing vine hair, need more fertilizer, and apply fertilizer for the first time, 30 kg per mu to promote the growth of stems and leaves. The period from late July to early September is the period of tuber expansion, and it is also the peak period of fertilizer demand. In the middle and last ten days of July, there are 30 kg of Kefu and 10 kg of potassium sulfate. In order to protect leaves and maintain roots and promote tuber growth, extra-root topdressing after late August can increase the yield by 15%. Foliar spraying of 50 kg of water with 20 ml of tuber per mu, once every 7 days for 3 times, or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 3 times. Combined with soil topdressing and cultivating soil for 2 or 3 times, soil cultivation is not only conducive to drainage, but also conducive to tuber growth. 3. Timely watering and drainage. Chinese yam is a drought-tolerant crop, even if it is dry in the early growth stage, it generally does not need to be watered to facilitate the downward growth of the rhizome. However, in the peak period of tuber expansion, more water is needed, so it is necessary to keep the soil moist, water in time in case of drought, and avoid flooding. In case of rain and waterlogging, the stagnant water should be eliminated as soon as possible to prevent the collapse of ditches and waterlogging diseases and affect the growth of tubers. 4. Pay attention to the control of diseases and insect pests. Chinese yam enters the middle stage of growth, is in the high temperature and rainy season, high humidity in the field, it is very easy to occur anthracnose, brown spot, brown rot, virus disease and other diseases. It can be sprayed with amicida 1500 times plus copper noble liquid, once every 10 to 15 days, continuously for 2 to 3 times, and the disease prevention effect is good. Virus diseases are very easy to occur after heavy rain. The key to the prevention and control of virus diseases is timely control of whitefly, mites and other pests. 5. Remove yam beans as soon as possible. Chinese yam bean consumes a lot of nutrients in the plant during its growth, which seriously affects the expansion of tubers. According to the experiment, if yam beans are removed in time, the tuber yield can be increased by 15% to 20%.