Cultivation techniques of planting Chinese yam in high border

Chinese yam, also known as Dioscorea zingiberensis, is a perennial herbaceous vine. Like drought and fear waterlogging, it is suitable to grow in a sunny, warm and relatively dry environment. The optimum temperature for germination is about 15 ℃, and the optimum temperature for growth is 17-28 ℃. Generally, sandy loam with deep and loose soil layer should be selected.

First, varieties are selected with high quality, high yield, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability and good commodity, such as Henan Huaishan yam, Jiangsu vegetable yam and so on. Second, the planting ditch should be excavated according to the distance of 50cm, depth of 100cm and width of 50cm before making border. Fill the soil into the ditch in early spring next year, first fill the raw soil and then fill the cooked soil, and apply sufficient base fertilizer. General mu application of rotten organic fertilizer 4000-5000 kg, calcium superphosphate 30 kg, potassium sulfate 20 kg. Then make a high border with a width of 70 cm, a height of 30 cm and a spacing of 30 cm. Third, seed selection and seed drying 1. Substitute tooth reproduction method to select disease-free, rotting-free, healthy and full yam mouth. The seeds were dried 10-15 days before sowing. 2. In the method of rhizome propagation, the stem segments with disease-free and insect-free diameter of more than 3 cm and length of 15-20 cm were selected, and the two ends were adhered to antiseptic with quicklime or plant ash at the cut, and the seeds were dried 15-20 days before sowing. Fourth, ditching planting with wide and narrow rows during the period from Qingming to Grain Rain. Narrow lines are made on the border surface and wide lines are made between the two adjacent borders. The planting method opened two planting ditches with a depth of 10 cm and a spacing of 30 cm, with a wide row of 70 cm and a narrow row of 30 cm. The seed stem was placed flat in the ditch according to the plant spacing of 20-25 cm, and the bud stage was in one direction. 6000 plants were planted per mu, and the soil was covered with about 8-10 cm. V. Field management

The main results are as follows: 1. After the emergence of inter-seedling sparse-branch yam, remove the cluster seedlings and weak seedlings in time, retain 1-2 strong seedlings in each hole, and remove the lateral branches at the base of the main stem. In order to avoid excessive consumption of nutrients, some of them can also be removed as early as possible during the formation of "zero surplus". 2.Intermediate ploughing and weeding combined with topdressing should be carried out with shallow ploughing, so as not to damage the root system, and the plant can be pulled out by hand near it. When the yam begins to shake off the vine, it should be set up in time. The general yam frame is 1.5-2.5 meters high, and more herringbone frames are used. 4. Fertilizer and water management topdressing 15 kg urea per mu at the growing stage. Chinese yam is resistant to drought and afraid of waterlogging, keep the soil moist during the peak period of tuber growth, do not irrigate without drought, and drain in time in case of rain. 6. the main pests of yam are ground tiger, grub and leaf-eating insects. Deep ploughing before winter and more rotten organic fertilizer can be used to control underground pests, and 50% EC can be used to irrigate roots. Alternately spraying 2.5% phoxim 2000 times solution or 3% phoxim 1200 times solution to control leaf-eating insects, etc. The main diseases of Chinese yam are anthracnose, nematode disease and brown spot. In the prevention and control, crop rotation, changing seed blocks, soil disinfection to eliminate disease and residues, application of rotten organic fertilizer, chemical control and so on. 7. The tubers of yam basically stopped growing in late October after harvest and storage, and the dry leaves should be picked and dug in time to prevent decay. Cellar or indoor storage is carried out after harvest, as long as it is not damaged by low temperature.