Key points of Postharvest Pest and Pest Control techniques for planting Loquat

At present, most loquat fruits have been harvested. In addition to strengthening fertilizer and water management, pest control is also an important prerequisite to ensure the normal growth, development, flowering and fruiting of fruit trees in the later stage. The main diseases and insect pests after fruit harvest of loquat are leaf spot, pear planthopper, mites, aphids and so on. Combined with the recent weather conditions, the occurrence characteristics and control techniques of these diseases and insect pests are introduced as follows.

1. Recent occurrence of diseases and insect pests. 1. Loquat leaf spot: it is mainly characterized by gray spots, spots, angular spots and wheel patterns, which occur seriously in the rainy season in summer and autumn. The disease not only harms leaves, makes leaves yellowing, withering, perforation and shedding, but also affects the growth of new shoots, which ultimately affects photosynthesis. It usually occurs more seriously from April to September. According to a recent survey, the disease in a few poorly managed orchards is very serious, and 50% of the leaves have fallen off. The occurrence of high temperature and rainy weather in the later stage is conducive to the occurrence of the disease, so the prevention and control of leaf spot can not be ignored. 2. Pear planthopper: the occurrence of wood lice is common on loquat in our region in recent years, which occurs more than one generation a year, and occurs more seriously in the dry season. After fruit picking, the damaged parts are mainly concentrated in the cracks at the base of the petiole, and they have to secrete mucus and have strong resistance to Rain Water scouring. Pear planthopper occurred heavily on loquat in summer and autumn last year, accumulating a large number of insect sources. This year, affected by warm winter weather, early drought, and recent high temperature, are conducive to the occurrence of pear planthopper, especially in parks with pear mixed cropping or intercropping. The occurrence of pear planthopper is more serious, and the rate of insect infestation in seriously damaged orchards is more than 80%. 3. Nymph mites of loquat: nymph mites are mainly harmful to new shoots and spikes, and they are common harmful mites on loquat in our region. 4. Other insect pests: yellow caterpillar mainly harms new shoots and leaves, while aphids damage new shoots, so control should be strengthened after fruit harvest.

2. Comprehensive prevention and control technical measures: 1. Agricultural measures: strengthen fertilizer and water management, avoid being too dry and too wet, enhance tree potential, improve disease resistance, remove fallen leaves in time, combine fertilization, properly plough the soil, and reduce the number of sources of diseases and insect pests. Try to reduce the intercropping, mixed cropping or intercropping of pear and loquat trees. 2. Physical control: install insecticidal lamps in the field, use lights to trap and kill adults of pests such as wood lice and yellow caterpillars, and use yellow boards to trap and kill aphids. 3. Biological control: when the number of single-leaf mites is less than 2, predatory mites can be used to control all kinds of mites; at the same time, it is recommended to retain grass, attract natural enemies, and use the natural control ability of natural enemies to control the occurrence of pests, such as using seven-star lady beetles to control aphids. 4. Chemical control: seize the critical period and apply pesticides for prevention and control. When the average number of single-leaf mites reached 3-5, 34% acarate 2000-2500 times or 2.4% avermectin 3000 times were applied to control nymph mites; when wood lice were used in the stage of young larvae, 25% Aktae 8000 times or 2.5% wood lice could be used for control. Shigao, Bobang or Xinsheng can be used to control leaf spot disease.