Pollination techniques of strawberry bees

Strawberry cultivation in greenhouse is in winter and early spring, low temperature, low humidity, short sunshine, few insects, affecting anther cracking and pollen dispersion, poor pollination, easy to produce a variety of abnormal fruits, seriously affecting yield and quality. To create good pollination conditions, in addition to paying attention to ventilation and reducing air humidity, honeybees are mainly used for auxiliary pollination. Studies have shown that the greenhouse strawberries pollinated by dense bees can significantly increase the fruit setting rate, increase the fruit yield by 30-50%, and the number of abnormal fruits is only 20% of that in the bee-free area.

Thoroughly control diseases and insect pests, especially insect pests, in the shed 5-10 days before release. After the beehive is put in, it is generally not allowed to apply pesticides, especially insecticides. One week before the strawberry blossoms, the beehive is moved into the shed, generally according to the proportion of one box in one shed and one honey per plant. The honeybee hive is placed in a well-lit place in the middle of the shed, 15 centimeters from the ground, and the beehive exit should avoid direct light, so as not to increase the mortality caused by hitting the shed when the bees fly out. It should be placed in the morning or dusk. The honeybee leaves the nest at the temperature of 5-35 ℃, and the optimum temperature for life is 15-25 ℃. The temperature of honeybee activity is consistent with the optimum temperature for strawberry anther cracking (13-20 ℃). When the temperature is below 10 ℃ for a long time, honeybees reduce or stop their activities out of the nest. In order to create a good environment for honeybee pollination, the temperature should not be too low. However, when the temperature exceeds 30 ℃, it should be kept out in time.

In production, we should understand the living habits of bees and minimize death. In practice, we should pay attention to the following points:

The main results are as follows: 1. Reduce the humidity in the greenhouse, especially after long-term overcast and rainy weather, there are many water droplets gathering on the greenhouse film, and it is easy to be killed by water when bees go out in sunny days. Therefore, it is necessary to increase ventilation and dehumidification in cloudy days, and desiccants such as lime bottles can be placed in the beehive to reduce humidity.

2. When many kinds of mulching are adopted in the greenhouse, the film of the middle and small greenhouse should be put under both sides, not half of it. Otherwise, the bees will get caught in the cracks in the film while flying everywhere.

3. To control diseases and insect pests, choose pesticides that are non-toxic or less toxic to bees, and when administering medicine or using fumigant, close the hive hole, or move the hive outdoors, and then move into the greenhouse every 3-4 days to prevent bee poisoning and death.

4. There are few honey sources in winter and early spring, so it is necessary to strengthen feeding. The feeding quantity is based on the normal pollination of bees after feeding. Otherwise, there will be too much feed, bees do not pollinate, or too little feed, bees are unable to fly pollination, resulting in bee pollination failure. Choose white granulated sugar and water to boil at 1:1, cool and feed, not too much water to prevent bees from getting sick. Each board bee (2500) white granulated sugar dosage 1 kg, before January, can also according to the white sugar to water ratio at 2:1 to make a paste to fill the bee trough, one-time feeding at the same time to increase the amount of pollen feeding.

5. in order to prevent the loss of bees from the vent, a layer of anti-escape net should be added to the vent.

6. The time of releasing bees is from the first inflorescence of strawberry to March of next year.