Analysis on the cultivation of Dictyophora with raw materials in the open air

Dictyophora, commonly known as Zhu Sheng and fairy umbrella, is a well-known edible fungus in China. Its mushroom body cover snow-white net skirt, beautiful shape, fragrant taste, rich nutrition, and weight loss, blood pressure. Antivirus and other functions have been listed as "palace tribute" in history. The sales volume of Dictyophora products is expanding at home and abroad, and the price remains high. From August 2005 to February 2006, the transaction price of edible mushroom wholesale market in Gutian County, Fujian Province was 120,160 yuan per kilogram. The current cultivation of Dictyophora is imitating wild cultivation with raw materials from agriculture and forestry in the open air. Mushrooms are produced about 60 days after sowing. 80 kilograms of dried Dictyophora can be harvested per mu, with an output value of more than 10,000 yuan, and raw materials are used locally, accounting for only 25% of the cost, which is effective for half a year. It is a good way to get rich in both northern and southern provinces and regions.

1. Selection of raw materials for cultivation of Dictyophora has a wide range of culture materials, such as corn, cotton, rape, sesame, soybean, jute and other crops, as well as peanut hulls and grain hulls; branches and sapwood debris of trees, fruit trees, mulberry trees; stems, roots, branches and leaves of all kinds of bamboo, as well as bamboo silk and bamboo powder in processing factories, as well as weeds, reeds, thatches, and so on. The raw materials should be sun-dried and can be used alone or mixed.

two。 In the cultivation season, Dictyophora belongs to high temperature type mushroom, the mycelium growth is 8: 35 ℃, the best is 25-28 ℃, and the long mushroom is 20-35 ℃. The cultivation season is sowing in spring and growing mushrooms in summer. In the south, the seeds are usually sown before the Qingming Festival in late March, and it is suitable for the northern provinces to sow seeds when the ground temperature is above 100℃. About 60 days after sowing, the best growing period is from June to September in summer, and the whole production cycle is 5 months.

3. Border bed arrangement of Dictyophora cultivation site can make use of fields, mountain fields, open spaces between forest and orchards, etc., which requires flat or gentle slope, close to water source, and sandy soil containing humus soil is better. The site was dug up 7-10 days in advance, the width of the bed was 50-60 cm, and drainage ditches were opened all around.

4. The method of sowing Dictyophora with two layers of material and one layer of bacteria was adopted in pile sowing. First mix the culture material, add 110% water, integrate the material stack, let the moisture permeate the material matrix, turn on the heat dissipation and exhaust after 1-2 days, and control the water content at 60%-65%. When heaping and sowing, the culture material of 2P3 should be laid on the border bed, and the material should be firm; then the strain of Dictyophora should be broken into pieces, spread on the culture material and pressed to make the strain and material close together. Then put the material shop of 1DB 3 on top and press the material surface. The whole material layer is 15 cm high, forming a wide bottom layer and a slightly narrow upper layer. 1215kg of dry material and 2kg of bacteria per square meter. Finally, the soil on the furrow is broken to cover the material surface with a thickness of 3 cm to 4 cm. As the temperature is low in spring in the north, after sowing and covering the soil, the border can be covered with plastic film to insulate the bacteria. After 10 days, the plastic film can be uncovered and covered with corn stalks or reeds to prevent Rain Water from scouring the topsoil.

5. After sowing Dictyophora for 7 days, one hole of tall stalk crops such as corn or sunflower can be interplanted beside the border bed, and two holes of soybean or pepper can be interplanted between tall stalk crops to form a combination of tall and low culm crops, which can play the role of sunshade and nitrogen fixation. When digging holes and sowing crops, do not hurt Dictyophora strains and culture materials.

6. After sowing and covering the soil, the mushroom management enters the period of mycelial germination and growth, which mainly depends on the nutrients and water in the base and the natural environment. Rain Water should pay attention to trenching and drainage in spring to prevent the accumulation of water in the border bed from infecting the hyphae. During the germicidal period, sometimes mold appears from the cracks in the soil next to the border and can be killed with lime powder. After 30-40 days of culture at normal temperature, the hyphae proliferated continuously, absorbed a large amount of nutrients, formed the mycelium, and climbed onto the surface of the overlying soil. Soon the white rice granular primordia appeared at the tip of the mycelia, and soon formed mushroom buds. Usually, 50-60 days after sowing, the buds gradually grow to form balls, and break the handle and spread skirts in a short time to form fruiting bodies.

The mushroom growing period of Dictyophora is in the summer high temperature season, when the crops planted beside the border have luxuriant branches and leaves, which play a sunshade role. When the temperature is too high, you can use a 95% density sunshade net above the border bed to avoid light and heat. The water content of the overlying soil layer in the mushroom period is not less than 20%. During the bacterial ball growing period, water is sprayed with a sprayer once every morning except on cloudy and rainy days, and the relative humidity of the space is not less than 90%. Often encounter drought during the growing mushroom period, can be irrigated at night, excreted early in the morning, and retain shallow water storage at the bottom of the ditch. Usually when spraying water, master covering soil white spray, spray frequently; bacteria buds small light spray, fog spray, bacteria buds mostly spray, re-spray; evaporation in sunny and dry days mostly spray, rainy days do not spray, to ensure the growth of good mushrooms.

7. Most of the fruiting bodies of harvested and processed bamboo sun are formed at 10: 12 a.m. every day, and a small amount is between 2 and 3 p.m. It takes only 2 to 3 hours for Dictyophora to break the ball and scatter the skirt. When it is sprinkled under the fungus skirt, it should be harvested in time. If it is too ripe, it will lie down and autolyze. Prevent the soil from adhering to the stalk and skirt during harvest. During the peak period of mushroom production, people can not keep up with the mushroom production, so it can be picked in advance when the fungus ball is white and budding, and the mushroom body is whiter and cleaner when it is placed in the basket. Dictyophora was harvested on the same day, dried by mechanical dehydration on the same day, and deteriorated overnight. The proportion of fresh and dry products was 8 ∶ 1. Dry products have a strong anti-moisture force, so they should be packed in double-layer plastic bags in time and fastened to prevent damp deterioration and reduce commodity value.