Experience of imitating wild field cultivation of Dictyophora

Dictyophora is a traditional specialty of our country, with crisp and tender meat, delicious taste, rich nutrition and health care. In the past, Dictyophora was cultivated with bamboo and wood as culture material, with long cycle and low yield. In recent years, through the continuous domestication and breeding of the strain, a new strain of Dictyophora, which is suitable for growing on weeds, crop stalks and scraps, has been screened. The new techniques of cultivation and seed production are introduced as follows.

First, the selection and treatment of culture materials. Wild Reed, yellow bamboo grass, elephant grass, bagasse, rice and wheat stalks, grain husks, wood shavings, bamboo shavings, corn stalks, corncobs, soybean stalks, peanut shells, etc., can be used as culture materials for Dictyophora. Rice straw and husk should be mixed with other hard materials. Raw materials should be sun-dried and not moldy. After the hard material is crushed by the wheel, the raw material is constantly wet with water and piled up for fermentation. Add 200 grams of potassium permanganate, 200 grams of urea and 300 grams of calcium superphosphate to every 100 kg (1 kg ~ 2 jin) of water. After watering, pile the material into a fermentation pile with a height of 1.2 meters, a width of 2 meters and unlimited length. Wait for the center material temperature to reach 65 ℃ for 20 hours, turn the pile, before and after a total of 3 times. The fermented culture material is brown, with white actinomycetes and aromatic smell, water content 70%, pH 5.5-6.

Second, strain preparation. Formula: 30kg of sawdust, 60kg of crop stalk or bagasse, 10kg of wheat bran, 200g of urea, 300g of calcium superphosphate, 200g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1kg of gypsum powder. The raw materials should be fully dried and well mixed (the chemical fertilizer is melted before mixing), the water content of the mixture is 70%, and the pH value is 6. After 3 days of accumulation and fermentation, the mixture was turned over for 2 times. Then put it into a woven bag, each containing 20 kg of wet material, sterilized on the stove and kept for 10 hours at 100 ℃. Cool and spread into the prepared pastoral concave border bed. The border bed was sterilized and sterilized with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution and pesticides 3 days in advance. The mixture is 20 cm thick, put into the original species of Dictyophora, and use 4-5 bottles per square meter. Dig the strain into pigeon eggs, 2 layers of bacteria and 3 layers of material. After picking up the bacteria, the soil is slightly compacted with 1 cm, covered with film shading, heat preservation and moisturizing, and the temperature is adjusted to 20: 28 ℃. After 40 days, the strain penetrated the material and dug it up into duck eggs for tertiary cultivation.

Third, cultivation, sowing and management. The Beginning of Spring began to plant and cultivate when the temperature was above 15 ℃. The cultivation site is fertile and close to the water source, which is made into a border bed with a height of 40 cm and a width of 1.2 m. Leave 40 cm wide sidewalk between the border, dig the border bed into a concave border shape with a depth of 20 cm, plant corn on the side of the border in advance, and form a sunshade with a quarter of the sun and six parts of the shade after growing tall. Three days before planting, the border bed was sterilized and insecticidal in advance (the method was similar to that of tertiary sterilization). Apply 80 grams of compound fertilizer per square meter before laying, spread the culture material after pouring heavy water, lay the bottom of the coarse material first and step on it, and the material is 0 cm thick. Then sow, spread the second layer of material 10 cm thick, slightly compacted, and then sow the second layer of seed. The third layer of cover material 3 cm, so that the strain is not exposed, slightly compacted and covered with soil 5 cm. Finally, cover the film and cover the grass to shade the sun. 25kg dry material, 2.5kg bacteria per square meter, and the ratio of material to bacteria is 10 ∶ 1. When laying the material, if there is not enough moisture, it is necessary to transfer water. During the germicidal period, the temperature was kept at 20-28 ℃. After the hyphae climbed onto the soil surface, the film was ventilated for 30 minutes every 2 days. After the hyphae are covered with soil, the plastic film is lifted to make the hyphae lodge and show buds. Mushrooms begin to produce at normal temperature for 60 days. Spray light water to moisturize the small buds and spray heavy water in the big buds. Spray more on sunny days, less or no spray on cloudy and rainy days, and keep the relative humidity of the border air at 85%-95%. Dictyophora matured and stretched its handle and began to break eggs after 6 o'clock every morning, so the water spraying time was arranged after sunset the day before. Dictyophora was harvested before spreading the skirt. After peeling off the fungal receptacle and cap, the harvested fruiting body is immediately sent to the drying stove of edible fungi for drying and sieving. After all harvest, dehydration and drying should be done immediately. The temperature rises slowly from 37 ℃, keeps for 1 hour when rising to 65 ℃, then drops to 45 ℃ until dried. 30 minutes after the dry product comes out of the stove, it is sealed in a clean plastic bag for sale. Dictyophora which is not sold in time with high temperature in summer and autumn is easy to turn brown and should be stored in freezer if possible.

After a tide of mushrooms, heavy water should be added to keep the original water content of the culture material. The lower tide mushroom management is the same as the first tide mushroom, generally can produce three to four tide mushrooms, the bioconversion rate is 10% to 15%, the production of dry products is 100 kg ~ 140 kg per 667 square meters, and the production cycle is 6 months.