Management techniques of Lycium barbarum for growing vegetables

Lycium barbarum is a perennial shrub of Lycium barbarum in Solanaceae, which is distributed all over the country. The plant likes light, cold and heat tolerance, drought tolerance and humidity tolerance. The suitable temperature for growth is 15: 20 ℃. The growth is slow at 10 ℃ and poor at more than 25 ℃. At present, fruit harvesting is mainly used in northern China, such as Ningxia, Gansu, Shaanxi and Shandong, while vegetable use is mainly used in southern China, such as Guangdong and Shanghai.

Vegetable Chinese wolfberry has a sweet and bitter taste and unique flavor, which is not only rich in nutrition, but also has high medicinal value. Lycium barbarum L. per 10Og contains 5.8g protein, 1g fat, 61g sugar, carotene 3.9mg, Ve3mg, calcium 155mg, phosphorus 67mg, iron 3.4mg. When the soil fertility and moisture are sufficient, the stems and leaves of Lycium barbarum are fresh and tender, the fiber is less and the taste is good.

There are mainly two cultivated varieties of vegetable Chinese wolfberry: big-leaf Chinese wolfberry and fine-leaf Chinese wolfberry. Large-leaf Chinese wolfberry leaves are broad, ovoid, fragrant, light sweet and bitter, unique flavor, almost no thorns; fine-leaf Chinese wolfberry leaves lanceolate, fragrant, bitter taste, leaf axil thorns. Most of the varieties of Lycium barbarum planted in Shanghai are big-leaf Lycium barbarum, and there are more annual cultivation in protected land, and a few of them are planted in open field in perennial cultivation mode, and can also be used as hedges or riparian soil consolidation.

1 methods of reproduction

The propagation methods of Lycium barbarum include seed propagation, cutting propagation, split propagation: strip propagation and tissue culture propagation, in which seed propagation and cutting propagation have the advantages of high speed and high survival rate, and have strong practicability in production.

1.1 seed reproduction, soak the seeds and mix them with wet fine sand to moisturize and accelerate germination. It is found that half of the seeds can be sowed after they are exposed to white. The suitable sowing time is from March to April, and the protected area can be advanced to February. Before sowing, turn the seedling bed deeply and apply sufficient basal fertilizer. After building the bed, open a shallow trench to sow according to the row spacing 40cm. When sowing, spread the mixed seeds and fine sand evenly into the ditch, step on the soil, and moisturize with a film after watering. About a week after sowing, Lycium barbarum seedlings will grow one after another. After emergence, the thin film should be removed and water should be sprayed to moisturize. When the seedling height is about 5cm, the seedlings can be carried out according to the plant distance of 3-6cm. In the process of seedlings, attention should be paid to pulling out the inferior seedlings, pulling out the weeds in time, watering and fertilizing.

1.2 Cuttage propagates in spring and autumn, select 1-2-year-old sturdy branches on an excellent single plant, cut and grow cuttings with about 10cm and 3 buds, soak their ends in IBA solution of 300mg/L for 20min (minutes) and then cuttage. The cutting depth is about 1x3-1x2 of cuttings, and the cutting substrate is vegetable garden soil and vermiculite at 2:1. It is best to disinfect the substrate before cutting. no matter container seedling or seedling bed seedling, the thickness of substrate should be above 10cm to facilitate the rooting and sprouting of cuttings. After cutting, the cuttings were watered and covered with nylon film, and the cuttings began to sprout after 2 weeks. It was found that the rooting rate of cuttings treated with rooting agent could reach 100%. About 3 weeks after cutting, the roots and shoots of Lycium barbarum have grown well and can be transplanted.

2 planting techniques

2.1 under general circumstances, the seedlings and cuttings of Lycium barbarum can be planted in the same year. The time of seedling cultivation is a little longer, and the early growth is slower than that of cuttings, and the seedlings can also be planted in the spring of the second year. Vegetable Lycium barbarum is suitable to be planted in spring or autumn with row spacing of 30cm and plant spacing of 10-15cm. Fertilizer should be applied before transplanting to remove old leaves and withered branches. When transplanting, transplant with soil as much as possible, with less root damage, so as to facilitate the survival of seedlings. Under the same circumstances. The survival rate of transplanting Chinese wolfberry seedlings with well-developed roots can reach 100%. When the cutting seedlings of Lycium barbarum were planted for about one month, the tender leaves and buds could be eaten.

2.2 Fertilizer and water management the yield and quality of vegetable Lycium barbarum were greatly affected by fertilizer and water. In production, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened according to the growth characteristics of Chinese wolfberry in order to improve its yield and freshness. The plant needs a lot of fertilizer during the growing period, and needs to supplement nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer constantly. Topdressing should be applied in time after Chinese wolfberry seedlings send out new roots and grow new shoots. In addition to dung and water, 0.2% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be sprayed on the leaves, once every 15 days (days). Irrigation should be paid attention to in the rainy season to keep the soil moist.

2.3 in the process of pruning and pruning Lycium barbarum seedlings, attention should be paid to timely pest control and weeding. There are few diseases and insect pests of Chinese wolfberry in Shanghai area, and the main pests are aphids. If the occurrence of aphids is serious, 40% dimethoate 1000 times or 50% aldicarb 2000 times can be used for control. It is found that the weeds in the Chinese wolfberry field should be pulled out in time to avoid weeds competing with Chinese wolfberry for nutrients. In the later stage of the growth of Chinese wolfberry, the plant should be re-cut to keep the height of 50cm about. Through pruning plants, lateral buds and hidden buds can be forced to germinate, forming clusters of multi-headed dwarf plants, so that the tender heads are concentrated in a horizontal plane, which is easy to pick, and the tender stems are thick, the tender leaves are large, and the quality is good.

3The value of development and utilization

3.l to solve the off-season supply of vegetables, enrich varieties of vegetable Lycium barbarum can clear heat and detoxification, clear eyes and clear liver, and has the effect of anti-aging, it is a good health care vegetable. The production and supply of vegetable Chinese wolfberry can alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand in the market and play a positive role. In the process of suburban planting structure adjustment, the development and utilization of vegetable Lycium barbarum with natural flavor is of great significance to increase farmers' income and promote the sustainable development of agriculture and forestry.

3.2 vegetable Lycium barbarum has strong stress resistance, pollution-free Chinese wolfberry is originally a kind of wild vegetable, resistant to barren, has strong stress resistance, and has less harm to diseases and insect pests in the process of growth. Vegetable Lycium barbarum has special fragrance, strong resistance to stress and disease and insect pests, and less pesticide in production, which plays a positive role in the production of pollution-free vegetables and green food and ensuring the safety of food for the public.

3.3 low planting cost, high output value and simple management of artificial cultivation of Chinese wolfberry. It can be planted in front and back of farmers' houses, by the river or as a fence. It can be harvested for a long time without special cultivation. If it is cultivated in protected area, it can be produced and harvested every year, and a higher output value can be obtained.

3.4 Chinese wolfberry cultivated perennially in greening courtyard and beautifying environment not only can be used as vegetables, but also has certain ornamental value. Lycium barbarum has a long viewing period of green leaves, white flowers and red fruits every year, which has the effect of greening the courtyard and beautifying the environment. In the past, Chinese wolfberry was often planted in front and back of the house to green the courtyard. in recent years, some residents planted Chinese wolfberry as a bonsai on the balcony, which can be used as vegetables and ornamental, which can be said to kill two birds with one stone.