High and stable yield cultivation of Litchi Feizixiao

Feizixiao litchi is an excellent mid-early maturing variety in Guangdong. it has large fruit, thick meat, beautiful color, small stone, sweet taste and good quality and flavor. it is the best edible period when the skin is green and red. Feizixiao has strong adaptability to the climate environment, the plant vegetative growth is exuberant, the flower is easy, but the flower quantity is large, the florescence is early, and it is difficult to bear fruit.

Focus on the use of physical and chemical control technology to improve fruit setting, make use of the characteristics of its strong response to pruning, appropriately increase the planting density, make it early bearing, high yield and stable yield, and become an excellent variety with rapid development.

(1) reasonable close planting to increase unit yield

Dense planting and dwarfing cultivation has long been an important technical reform in modern fruit tree production, which is conducive to changing extensive cultivation into fine management and achieving the goal of early fruiting, high yield and high benefit.

The vegetative growth of Feizixiao plant is exuberant, the growth rate of crown is fast, the response to pruning is strong, and the heading rate of new shoot is high, which is beneficial to retraction pruning after close planting. Feizixiao can be cultivated by close planting and dwarfing through retraction pruning, and achieve the effect of high yield and stable yield. the yield per mu has reached the level of 2600kg, which is equivalent to 10 times the average yield per mu of trees put into production in the province. Generally, the planting density is determined according to cultivation conditions, technology, area and investment strength. 35-50 plants per mu can be used for planting in a large area and 75 plants per mu for planting in a small area. The planting density of 100 plants per mu can be used if the water and fertilizer conditions, cultivation techniques and investment conditions are very good.

(2) to cultivate the crown of early fruiting and high yield.

In order to achieve early fruiting and high yield, Feizixiao needs to create a round-headed crown with evenly distributed branches, ventilated light and strong branches, which can withstand high yields in the future. Feizi Xiao branch thick leaves, tree momentum, top advantage is obvious, when the fertilizer and water conditions are good, the branches and leaves will grow, the crown will be sparse. On the basis of improving soil fertility, the young trees of Feizixiao can draw shoots more than 5 times a year, leave 3-4 new shoots in the trunk 40-50cm as the main branches, coring or truncation should be carried out when the main branches grow to about 30cm, and 1-2 should be left as lateral branches. later, when the second and third branches grow 30cm, they will continue to be coring to promote branches, leaving 1-2 new shoots in each branch, and the rest will be cut off. It is necessary to cultivate three-dimensional fruiting crowns from young trees. When pruning, we should pay attention to frequent coring and short cutting, increase branch density, cut off over-fine branches and shade branches, and gradually cultivate young trees into round-headed and high-yielding crowns. When the tree height and crown width are more than 1.5m and the fruiting mother branches are more than 30, measures can be taken to make the young trees enter the fruiting stage.

Under the diurnal temperature of 20 ℃ and 15 ℃ respectively, the flower bud differentiation could be seen in 40-56 days. Therefore, in the general condition of low temperature and drought in winter in Guangdong, it is easy to meet the conditions of flower bud differentiation of Feizixiao, so seedlings and young trees are easy to blossom and bear fruit, consume a lot of nutrients and make it difficult for young trees to shoot out, which affects the expansion of the crown. The effective measure to prevent the flowering of Feizixiao seedlings and young trees is that after the last autumn shoot matures, that is, once every two weeks from the middle of October, it can promote the growth of winter shoot, inhibit flower bud differentiation, prevent flowering in the next year and accelerate the formation of tree crown. If the young tree blossoms, the time to cut off the flower ear is usually in the middle and late March.

(3) to cultivate good fruiting mother branches.

Results the storage of a large amount of nutrients in the mother branch for consumption during flowering and fruit setting is the basic condition for determining the high or low yield. There are two main criteria for measuring excellent fruiting mother branches (that is, the last autumn shoot after harvest): one is that the autumn shoot is timely, and the other is that the autumn shoot is strong. In general, the first shoot budding period after fruit picking in Guangzhou Feizixiao is in the first and middle of July, the second is in the first and middle of August, and the third autumn shoot (last shoot) budding period is from late September to early October. After fruit picking, two times of shoot culture by controlling fertilizer and water, pruning and wiping buds can not only meet the demand of production in the following year, but also prevent premature mulching between plants. The ripening period of the mother branch of Feizixiao in Guangzhou is generally in the first ten days of November, and the middle of November is the initial stage of flower bud differentiation. The criteria for measuring the sturdiness of autumn shoots of Feizixiao are disease-free, stout branches, thick green leaves, thick leaves and hard handle. From December to January of the following year, the middle diameter of the mother branch reached 0.5-0.6cm, the length was 30-40cm, and the number of leaflets was 70-80.

(4) to cultivate flower spikes with high fruit setting rate.

Feizixiao has a large ear of flowers, a large number of flowers and an early flowering period. Generally untreated, under the condition of artificial pollination, the fruit setting rate of Feizixiao ear is only 3.6%, so its fruit setting is very poor. After treatment, the flower spike was cultivated into a short and strong flower ear, with sound flower organs, late flowering, less flowers, high proportion of female flowers, long opening period and long meeting time between male and female flowers, thus increasing the fruit setting rate. The following measures can be taken to improve the quality of flower spikes.

4.1 "one wipe, two thinning and three short cuts"

4.2 use of spiral ring peeling technology

4.3 Chemical panicle control

4.4 measures to keep the flower ear green

5 to improve the quality and yield of fruit

Feizixiao is mainly a scorched core variety, which may be similar to that of young glutinous rice, which is caused by fruit drop caused by root and shoot growth during fruit setting. Therefore, in order to stabilize the concubine's sitting fruit, it is necessary to cut a knife on the main branch or big branch at the end of April to reduce fruit drop, or use spiral ring peeling to promote flowers and protect fruit.

According to the research, the best edible quality of Feizixiao is when the fruit is 80% ripe (when the pericarp is green and red). At this time, the pulp has high acid content and vitamin C content, moderate sugar and acid, and special flavor, which is the best time for fresh food. When the pericarp was all red, the acid content and vitamin C content decreased, and the edible quality decreased. Therefore, the best harvest time for Feizixiao is when the fruit is green and red in the shape of "jade lotus bud".