High-yield cultivation experience of growing onion with yellow skin

Yellow onion is exported to Japan, Russia and other countries because of its high yield, good quality and good color. It has become an important way for farmers to get rich in Weifang, Jinan, Tai'an and other regions. The high-yield cultivation techniques of yellow onion are summarized as follows:

First, select improved varieties and cultivate strong seedlings.

1. According to local conditions, select improved varieties: onion is a green vernalization vegetable, improper selection of varieties is easy to cause early spring bolting, resulting in yield reduction and quality decline. In recent years, most of the yellow onion varieties grown in Shandong come from Japan and the United States. Through several years' experiments, it is proved that the American varieties are weak in winter and easy to bolting in early spring, while the Japanese varieties are the strongest in winter, with round bulbs, good color, high yield and good quality. the average weight of each bulb is about 300g, the highest is more than 500g, and the average 5000kg yield is 666.7 square meters (mu).

2. Sowing seeds at the right time and cultivating strong seedlings: because onion seedlings emerge slowly, it is necessary to make fine soil preparation before sowing. Generally, 666.7 square meters are applied with rotten organic fertilizer 5000kg, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 30kg, deeply turned into a flat bed with a width of 1.2m and a length of 15m to 20m. The suitable sowing time of yellow onion is from September 10 to 15. Sowing too early, onion growth before winter is too large, early spring is easy to bolting, too late seedlings are too small, overwintering is easy to cause dead seedlings. The seedbed was watered before sowing, and then the dried seeds were sown after water osmosis, and then covered with soil 1~1.5cm, the seed consumption was 1.5kg per 666.7 square meters, and it could be transplanting to 10 mu.

3. Seedling stage management: all seedlings can be produced 7-8 days after sowing, and watered once after emergence, and again after 15-20 days, in order to promote seedling growth and keep the soil moist later. at the same time, urea 15kg is applied every 666.7 square meters combined with watering. After that, the fertilizer and water management should be adjusted according to the growth status of the seedlings, and the seedlings should be controlled to reach 3-4 leaves at the time of planting, and the pseudostem diameter 0.6~0.8cm should be suitable.

Second, timely transplanting and reasonable close planting

1. Land preparation: onion is a shallow root crop, so we should choose loose and fertile sandy soil to plant, and combine deep ploughing with 666.7 square meters to apply rotten organic fertilizer 7000~10000kg, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 50kg, leveling and raking fine, to make a flat border with a width of 1.2m (can also be made according to the width of plastic film), and then cover the flat border with black plastic film, which is not only conducive to heat preservation and moisture, but also avoid grass famine.

2. Timely planting and reasonable close planting: the suitable planting time of yellow onion is November 1 ~ 10. In order to facilitate management, the seedlings should be graded, the pseudostem diameter of 0.6~0.8cm is the first grade, and the 0.4~0.5cm is the second class, and the seedlings lower than 0.4cm and higher than 0.8cm should be eliminated. The planting density is 15cm × 18cm. When planting, the bamboo pole or steel bar is used to punch holes in the plastic film, and then the seedlings are implanted into the holes. Transplanting should not be too deep, and it is appropriate to bury the bulbs and water the seedlings without drifting, about 1.5cm. Otherwise, there will be a spindle-shaped bulb, affecting the commodity.

Third, fertilizer and water management after planting.

After planting slow seedlings, the plot should be checked in time, and those who find floating seedlings should replenish the seedlings as soon as possible to ensure the integrity of the seedlings. "Lesser Snow" was doused with frozen water before and after. When the seedlings turned green at the end of February and early March, urea 20kg was applied per 666.7 square meters combined with watering to promote the growth and development of seedlings, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 30kg was applied at the end of April and early May to promote the full expansion of bulbs. During this period, the soil moisture should be watered in time to keep the soil dry and wet. At the same time, the ridges and weeds in the fields should be cleared in time to avoid grass shortage.

Fourth, pest control.

1. Diseases: the main diseases of yellow onion are downy mildew and purple spot. Its prevention and cure method: at the end of April or the initial stage of the disease, spray with 58% Redomir 600 times liquid or 80% Dasheng Mmur45 wettable powder 400 times 600 times liquid, spray once every 7 days, spray 3 times continuously, can play a good prevention and control effect.

2. Pests: the main pests that harm onions are ground maggots, beet armyworm and thrips. The control of ground maggots can spread 10% C fiber granule 3~4kg every 666.7 square meters during soil preparation before planting. September to October is the frequent season of beet armyworm, which should be controlled in time at the seedling stage. 1000 times liquid of 5% must be used for spraying at 6: 8 am. At the end of April and the beginning of May, 10% imidacloprid 2500 times solution can be sprayed once every 7 days, three times in a row to achieve the effect of controlling thrips.

Fifth, timely harvest and proper storage.

Stop watering 7-10 days before harvest. Generally, at the beginning of June, the pseudostem should be harvested on a sunny day and avoid being caught in the rain. After harvest, you should pay attention to handle it gently to avoid mechanical injury, then put it in a ventilated and cool place to dry, and then sell it according to the export standard after three layers of skin are dried.