Seedling and seedling management of Chinese toon

Toona sinensis belongs to the neem family, Henan alias Toona sinensis, deciduous trees, is a unique fast-growing timber species in China, with rich nutrition, delicious fragrance and high edible value, Toona sinensis has become a good economic tree species for greening around urban and rural areas and increasing farmers' income. After years of production practice, a more in-depth study on seedling cultivation and seedling management of Toona sinensis was carried out in order to provide reference for the high quality and high yield of Toona sinensis.

First, seedling raising technology. The seedlings of Toona sinensis are usually raised by sowing and burying roots.

1. Sowing and raising seedlings

⑴ seed harvesting: Toona sinensis generally begins to bear fruit in 7-8 years. Excellent 15-30-year-old mother plants with strong growth and no diseases and insect pests should be selected. The capsule should be picked in time when the capsule changes from green to yellowish brown. After picking, spread out on the mat and cool in the sun for several days, the capsule cracked, the seeds dispersed, winnowed out impurities, and put them into a sack for dry storage. The germination rate of newly collected seeds in that year can reach more than 80%.

⑵ chooses nursery land and land preparation to make beds. Select sandy loam and loam with good drainage and groundwater level of 1.5-2.5 meters. Rake flat to make the border in early spring, the border is 1 meter wide, 10-20 meters long, and the ridge is 30 centimeters wide. Apply 750 kg of rotten soil fertilizer and 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu, while spraying 1.5% dimethoate powder and 90% crystal trichlorfon, 1-1.5 kg per mu. After spraying, turn the fertilizer and pesticide into the soil and rake it flat. Irrigate once 5-7 days before sowing.

⑶ seeds were treated by accelerating germination. 3-5 days before sowing, pour the pure seeds into warm water and stir for 5 minutes, soak the seeds for 12-24 hours, rinse the seeds with clean water several times after they are removed, put the seeds in a wet sack, put them in a warm place to accelerate germination, rinse them with clean water once a day, and sow the seeds when there is a gap of 1 to 3 showing the tip of the white bud.

Sow seeds on ⑷. It is usually in the middle and late March, and must be planted before Grain Rain at the latest. Strip sowing is to open several sowing belts with a width of 10 centimeters and a depth of about 3 centimeters on the border surface with a row spacing of 35 centimeters. Pour small water in the ditch, soak through the water, spread the budding seeds evenly into the ditch, and cover the fine soil 1-1.5 cm. The seed consumption per mu is 2.25kg and the seedling yield is 6000. When the seedlings grow 4-6 true leaves, the seedlings can be interspersed or transferred in places that are too dense.

2. Burying roots to raise seedlings

The root spike was collected by ⑴. Generally at the end of November or between March and April, trenches are opened at 1-2 meters from the trunk to dig out 1-2-year-old roots with a thickness of 0.5-1.5 cm, with whisker roots, cut into root segments with a length of 15-20 cm, the upper end is cut into a flat mouth, and the lower end is cut into an oblique orifice, and the root segments are bundled with 30 or 50 roots.

⑵ root and ear sprouting treatment. Dig a pit in the higher ground, 80 cm deep and 100 cm wide, depending on the number of roots and ears. The bottom of the pit is covered with 25 cm thick clean, moist fine sand, and then the roots and ears are erected in the pit one by one, leaving a gap of 2-3 cm between bundles, filled with moist fine sand, and then placed layer by layer of sand until 10-20 cm below the mouth of the pit. In the pit, a bunch of hay straw is erected every 1 meter to facilitate aeration. Finally, the mouth of the pit is covered with sand, and then covered with 1-2 cm of fine soil. The drainage ditch is dug around, and the pit mouth is cultivated into a mound before freezing, and the pit is regularly planed for inspection. The roots and ears collected in early spring are buried in a leeward and sunny pit with a depth of 60 cm and a layer of fine sand 10 cm thick. Dip the roots in 500ppm's naphthalene acetic acid solution, put them in bundles on the sand layer, fill them with fine sand until the pit mouth is flat, and then cover with plastic film. Sprouting will be completed soon, and when 0.2-0.3 cm buds grow on the roots, they can be cut.

⑶ cuttage. After soil preparation and fertilization in the nursery, a soil ridge with a height of 20-25 cm and a bottom width of 35 cm was built, and the distance between the center line of the ridge was 40-50 cm. The root ear was obliquely inserted into the middle and lower part of the soil ridge to the sunny side, and the plant spacing was 25-30 cm. The upper part of the root ear was covered with soil 1-2 cm, watered once along the ridge and furrow, and covered with plastic film if possible. After cutting, such as drought, small water can be irrigated along the ditch.

⑷ management after cuttage. When the root sprouts are unearthed, poke a hole in the plastic film to facilitate the growth of the buds. 2-3 cm of uncovered soil, pour a permeable water along the furrow, but do not drown the root.

2. Seedling management technology

1. Fertilizer and water management. Due to the green growth of Toona sinensis seedlings in autumn, the Lignification degree of the top of the new shoot is low and the cold resistance is weak. Therefore, it is necessary to fertilize and water scientifically to control the growth in autumn. The northern arid areas are generally watered 2-3 times from May to June, and Rain Water is more in July. Whether to water or not can be decided according to the rain. Moisture should be strictly controlled after the middle of August to prevent green seedlings from growing. Toona sinensis seedlings are afraid of waterlogging and should be drained in time in the rainy season. At the same time, we should apply fertilizer scientifically. In addition to applying enough base fertilizer during soil preparation, June is the fast-growing period of seedlings. All kinds of seedlings should be topdressing chemical fertilizer once and applying 5 kg of urea per mu. In the middle of July, except that the seedlings used in the plastic greenhouse are no longer topdressing, the seedlings of other specifications need to apply chemical fertilizer again, applying 5 kg of urea, 8 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 6.5 kg of potash fertilizer per mu. Fertilization should be combined with clean water. After the first ten days of August, we should stop fertilization and watering, control the growth of seedlings and improve the degree of Lignification of seedlings.

2. Cultivate short and dry lateral branch seedlings. Seedlings needed for dense planting gardens, fields, fields, and fast-growing and high-yield forests should be cultivated for short, dry and multi-lateral branch seedlings. For planting Toona sinensis in protected areas, it is not necessary to cultivate multi-lateral branch seedlings for close planting. The main technical points of cultivating dwarf stem and multi-lateral branch seedlings are as follows.

⑴ cut off the main branch at seedling stage. That is, in the middle and late June when the seedlings are growing vigorously, when the seedlings are about 40 centimeters high, you can dig about 30 centimeters underground with a shovel, shovel off the main roots of the seedlings, inhibit the growth of vertical roots, promote the branching of lateral branches, inhibit the growth of aboveground parts, and make the stem of seedlings low and stout.

⑵ plucked the top buds and smeared 80 × 10 ~ (- 6) glycerol gibberellin (CGA) on the wound of the terminal buds. The buds below the apical buds could germinate.

⑶ sprayed with growth regulators. In the middle and late June, spraying trixanthobenzoic acid (TIBA) on seedlings with 20 grams per mu once a month for 2-3 times could inhibit apical dominance, promote plant dwarfing and increase the number of lateral branches.

3. Loosen the soil and weed. Timely loosening soil and weeding can reduce water evaporation, prevent surface hardening, promote gas exchange, improve the utilization rate of soil available nutrients, eliminate weeds, reduce weeds competing with seedlings for water and nutrients, and eradicate parasitic places of diseases and insect pests. Loosening soil and weeding should be combined, 5-10 times a year, and the depth of loosening soil is 3-6 cm, which deepens with the growth of seedlings. Weeding should be done "early, small, except".