High-yielding measures for cutting and raising seedlings of Flos Lonicerae

The buds, flowers and leaves of honeysuckle can be used as medicine to clear away heat and reduce inflammation; rattan is used as medicine to treat rheumatic bone pain; flowers can extract aromatic oil and honeysuckle dew; it is also an ornamental tree species cultivated in landscaping and garden.

First, honeysuckle cuttage seedlings can be propagated by seeds, but also by cutting and root division, but the growth of seed propagation is slow, the income is late, and the root propagation coefficient is low, so stem propagation is used in production at present, with many propagation materials and high survival rate. Quick income.

The specific methods can be divided into two types: direct cutting and seedling cutting. Direct cutting, large hairy flower varieties with developed root system and strong branch germination are adopted in mountainous areas. in overcast and rainy summer and autumn, 1-2-year-old branches with strong disease-free insects are selected and cut into 30-35 cm long, the lower leaves are removed as cuttings, and they are directly cut into hillside terraces, ground weirs and other gaps, and holes with a diameter of 25-30 cm are dug according to the plant spacing of 1.3-1.7 m, with a depth of 16-18 cm, and 4-6 cuttings are inserted into each hole. Scattered oblique hole, the ground exposed 5-10 cm, after the filling compaction, in case of drought, appropriate watering, in order to improve the survival rate. In order to save branches and facilitate management, green cuttings are often used. The method is to select plots that are convenient for watering, deeply turn and flatten, apply appropriate amount of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer as base fertilizer, and press row spacing 23-26 cm outer ditch with a depth of about 16 cm from July to August. Put the cuttings obliquely in the ditch according to the plant spacing 2 cm, and then fill them with cover and compaction. Watering after planting, if the weather is dry, water every 2-3 days to keep the soil moist, half a month left heart can take root and sprout, the second year fragrant season or autumn transplant.

Second, the shaping and pruning of honeysuckle is an important measure to increase the yield of honeysuckle. The branches of honeysuckle are very long and must be supported or pruned. If left alone, the branches crawl on the ground and overlap each other, the flowering quantity is small and the yield is very low. Therefore, setting up scaffolds and shaping and pruning are the key to increase the yield of honeysuckle.

In particular, pruning has a significant effect on the yield of honeysuckle. According to the experiment in Pingyi County, Shandong Province in 1983, after one winter pruning and three pruning periods, the average total yield of fresh flowers per pier was 969 grams, and the average yield of unpruned flowers was 685 grams. The yield of pruning is 284 grams higher than that of unpruned flowers, an increase of 42%. After pruning, the light energy utilization efficiency of each part of the flower stump was improved, the invalid branches and leaves such as weak branches and overgrown branches were removed, the consumption of nutrients and water was reduced, the branches and leaves were the most reasonable, the growth environment was improved, and the branches and plants were strong, which was beneficial to the high yield of Flos Lonicerae. The specific methods are as follows: honeysuckle cultivated for one or two years, cut off the upper part before spring branch germination, leaving only about 33 cm as the trunk, after several years of continuous pruning, the trunk is stout, it can stand upright into a pier, and the lateral branches at all levels on the trunk form an umbrella dome, which is not only ventilated, but also increases the number of flowers, and is easy to pick and harvest buds. Honeysuckle has a strong ability of natural regeneration and has many new branches. although the branches that have flowered can continue to grow in that year, they are no longer blooming, and only the new shoots germinated on the original flowering mother plant can reproduce the bud. Honeysuckle pruning must be determined according to variety, pier age and branch type. According to the experience of Linyi area, Shandong Province, creeping large hairy flowers, crown width of 120-140 cm, long branches of presbyopia stump, to be re-cut. Truncate long branches, sparse short branches, pay equal attention to truncation and thinning. The strong flower pier is mainly light cutting, less sparse and long stay, and the young flower pier is mainly cut off to promote branching and accelerate the expansion of the pier crown. The three-dimensional chicken claw flower, the trunk is obvious, the branch does not touch the ground, the crown width is 80-120 cm, the pruning should be done to remove the top, clear the foot clump, hit the inner chamber, trim too long branches, diseased and weak branches, withered branches, and extend downward, so that the branches are upright in clumps, the trunk is stout, the branches are dense and uniform, the flower pier is umbrella-shaped, ventilated and transparent, so that there are many new branches and buds. The pruning time is winter pruning, which can be carried out from December to late February of the following year. The second is shearing during the growing period, which is carried out after each flower picking, in order to promote the formation of multi-stubble flowers and increase the yield. The first spring shoot cutting after the first stubble flowering was carried out in the first ten days of June, the second summer shoot was cut after the second crop flowering in late July, and the autumn shoot was cut after the third crop flowering in the first ten days of September. Pruning during the growing period requires light pruning.

Third, the common stem borer of honeysuckle and its control. Coffee tiger longicorn beetles honeysuckle old producing areas of Shandong Pingyi, Feixian more than 10 years of flower pier damage rate reached 80%, after being killed, weak, several years in a row, the whole plant withered.

One generation a year occurs in Shandong, the newly hatched larvae feed on the xylem surface first, and when the larvae reach 3 mm, they eat longitudinally to the xylem, forming a circuitous entrainment. The wormhole is full of sawdust and insect dung, which is very hard, and there are no fecal holes on the surface of the branches, so it is difficult to find, and the chemical control is not effective at this time. Control methods: from April to May, ① sprayed 1000 times of dichlorvos emulsion to control adults and newly hatched larvae during the occurrence of adults and early hatching of larvae. When the temperature is more than 25 ℃ from July to August in ②, the swollen leg wasp of longicorn beetles is released in the field, which has a good control effect.

two。 The leopard bark moth occurs one generation a year in Shandong Province. after hatching, the larvae eat people from the branches or new shoots. after 3-5 days, the new shoots wither, and the larvae grow to 3-5 mm before excreting insect feces from the manhole, which is easy to find and have the habit of transforming plants to do harm.

The larvae bite a circle between the xylem and phloem, so that the branches are easy to break when the wind blows. There are often several fecal holes on one side of the damaged branches. Insect feces are cylindrical and yellowish, and withered branches appear on the flower stump from September to October. Control methods: ① cleans the flower stump in time, and after harvesting the second crop of flowers, it must be combined with pruning from late July to early August. If the pruning is too late, the larvae will cut the branches when they are eaten into the lower coarse branches, which will have an effect on the growth of the flower stump. The peak incubation period of larvae in ② July is the appropriate period for chemical control. 1500 times of omethoate EC and 0.3% methotrexate 0.5% kerosene are used to promote the penetration of the solution into the identification rod and achieve good control effect.

3. The willow stem wood beetle moth occurs one generation every two years in the main producing areas of Shandong, spanning three years.

After hatching, the larvae first lived under the old skin of Honeysuckle, and gradually spread after growing to 10-15mm. The constant head was damaged by the middle and lower part of the main stem and the rhizosphere into the phloem and shallow xylem, forming a broad insect path and excreting a large amount of insect dung and sawdust, which seriously damaged the physiological function of the plant and hindered the transport of nutrients and water in the plant, causing the leaves of Honeysuckle to turn yellow and fall off, and the branches of the flowers dried up from August to September. Control methods: ① to strengthen field management, Salix stem bark moth larvae like to damage the weak flower stump, most of the larvae are eaten through the old hole. Therefore, strengthen tending management, timely fertilization, watering, to promote the growth of honeysuckle, improve insect resistance. ② chemical control, in July larval incubation peak, with 40% omethoate 1000 times plus 0.5% kerosene, sprayed on the branches, or with 40% omethoate or fenitrothion according to the proportion of water = 1:1 to irrigate the roots, that is, first dig a hole around the flower stump, a depth of 10-15 cm, each pier irrigation about 20 ml, the appropriate increase or decrease in the size of the flower pier, and then covered with soil compaction. Due to the high concentration of the solution, attention should be paid to safety when using it.