Pruning and Management of planting Toona sinensis

China is the origin of Toona sinensis. Since ancient times, China's rural areas have had the traditional habit of planting Toona sinensis in front and behind houses and in the fields. Toona sinensis because it collects the essence of the year, nutrition concentrated in the small buds, so its quality and color are very satisfactory. Toona sinensis bud not only contains high protein, fat, vitamins and other nutrients, but also rich in calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, magnesium and other trace elements, is a delicious color, high nutritional value of woody vegetables. However, due to the extensive management of scattered Toona sinensis for a long time, the yield and quality of Toona sinensis were seriously affected.

Pruning of planting Toona sinensis

1. Spring scissors

Spring pruning of Toona sinensis belongs to modeling pruning, which is generally carried out at the same time as the harvest of Toona sinensis buds. From the second year after the cultivation of Toona sinensis, 2 or 3 new buds will sprout when the top buds of 2-year-old trees are removed. If the height of the trunk is suitable, the new buds can be retained, and after Lignification, there will be 2-3 side branches; if the trunk height is too high, the new buds can be coring (not all the buds can be picked) to promote the lower buds to sprout new buds, and 2-3 new buds can be retained according to the necessary position, and become lateral branches after Lignification. After the third year, there will be new buds at the top of the three lateral branches, and the apical buds of the three lateral branches will be removed during pruning. In the same year, 2 or 3 new lateral buds will be sprouted from each lateral branch, and new lateral branches will be formed after Lignification. After forming in this way, each tree will have 6 to 9 backbone branches. This kind of tree has high trunk, large branches, thick crown layer, good ventilation and lighting, large harvest area and stable yield.

2. Summer scissors

As the yield and quality of Toona sinensis are mainly determined by the number of terminal buds, more branches and terminal buds per unit area can produce high yield, so it is necessary to carry out necessary summer shaping and pruning of Toona sinensis to promote it to form more branches. Summer pruning is generally carried out at about 15:00 on a sunny day from July to August, which is conducive to wound healing and must not be pruned on cloudy days. On the Chinese toon tree after pruning, the branches that are too strong and too high are topped or truncated to promote the germination of lateral buds to form new branches and weak parts, and to form more short lateral branches with full terminal buds.

3. Winter shears

Winter pruning is best carried out in early winter (or late autumn) and early spring dormancy. Remove one-year-old dense branches, too weak branches, disease and insect branches, dead branches and perennial branches. The knife and axe of the pruning should be sharp, the pruning should be close to the trunk and cut from the bottom up, the cut should be smooth and the wound should be small. Do not remove or pull the bark, which will affect the growth and development of trees.

4. Rejuvenation

After 7-8 years of harvest, when the sprouting part moved to the outer layer of the crown, the growth became weak, and the new buds were few and thin, indicating that the tree head had aged and should be renewed. The change of head is usually carried out when picking buds in spring. Method: cut the branches and leave stubble from the third year, that is, cut off all the branches after the third year. Note that the length of branches and stubble in the third year should be 20~30cm, in order to promote new branches, keep the tree shape intact and keep the tree strong. New buds should grow on every stubble stem in the year after changing heads, but excessive pruning will lead to poor tree growth. If there is not enough stubble, new buds will often grow on the backbone branches in the second year, making the shape of the tree bad. Some rejuvenation leaves only the trunk, which will lead to the rebirth of many branches, and excessive pruning will also cause the death of the tree.

Management of planting Toona sinensis

1. Heat preservation

Toona sinensis likes temperature and is suitable to be cultivated in the area with an annual average temperature of 8: 10 ℃. The newly planted young trees will die under-10 ℃, and the mature trees can survive the winter safely at-20 ℃. Therefore, in the cold areas of the north, the newly planted young plants should be protected dry and warm in winter to prevent frostbite.

2. Fertilizer and water

Toona sinensis is a fast-growing tree species in the early stage, which has strong adaptability to soil, but the sandy loam with deep soil layer, rich calcium and fertile soil is the best. Toona sinensis absorbs the most nitrogen, followed by potassium and phosphorus. Every autumn and winter can open ring ditch to apply an appropriate amount of mature high-quality farm fertilizer, plant ash, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and so on. Toona sinensis likes to be wet and is not tolerant to drought, so it should be properly watered during drought to keep the soil moist and promote growth and development. Too much water, easy to grow, root and neck easy to rot, in the rainy season should pay attention to drainage.

3. Sprouting

Toona sinensis bud growth period is short, should eat early, eat fresh, eat tender. As the saying goes, "Toona sinensis buds are as tender as silk before rain and as wood after rain". The suitable harvest standard is purple-red bud and 10~15cm bud length. When harvesting, the terminal buds should be picked first, and then the lateral buds. If the terminal buds are not harvested, the lower lateral buds will be difficult to grow or grow poorly. When picking buds, gently remove the base of the petiole by hand. When harvesting on the formed branches of the tree, a strong lateral bud must be retained on each backbone branch. Each branch of an old tree that is renewed must also retain a strong lateral bud. Tall trees should be harvested to avoid excessive damage to backbone branches; where they cannot be picked by hand, they can be picked with long hooks, and twigs and weak branches that do not retain value should be broken. The buds can be harvested 2 or 3 times a year. After harvest, it was bundled into small bundles of 100 to 200g, packed and sealed in plastic bags to prevent water loss and wilting.

4. Remove the sprouting.

Toona sinensis has shallow roots and strong tillering ability, and many sprouting tillers often occur from the rhizome, which not only affects the growth of the trunk, but also consumes nutrients. Therefore, as long as the trunk grows well and there is no need to divide new Toona sinensis seedlings, all the sprouting tillers should be eliminated in time to ensure the robust growth of the tree.

5. Pest control

Toona sinensis has fewer diseases and insect pests, and leaf rust and powdery mildew are easy to occur in summer and autumn. Leaf rust is mainly harmful to leaves, with yellow-brown irregular disease spots on the leaf surface in summer and black irregular disease spots on the back of leaves in winter. The diseased plant grows slowly and causes early defoliation in severe cases. The disease is caused by Toona sinensis flower spore rust and Toona sinensis multi-layer rust through airflow transmission. Powdery mildew is also the main damage to the leaves, the chlorosis of the diseased leaves is yellow-white mottled, white powder layer patches appear on the back of the leaves, and granular dots are formed in the later stage, which become dark brown. The disease is caused by the airflow transmission of spores of Toona sinensis needle shell fungi. These two kinds of diseases can be controlled by 500-fold powder rust solution spray.

The main pests of Toona sinensis are Caterpillar, Spodoptera litura, Monochamus alternatus and so on. It can be sprayed with 800x trichlorfon solution in larval stage and 1500 times 40% dimethoate EC in adult stage. Longicorn beetle larvae can also be killed by artificial injection of trichlorfon in the wormhole. If it is found that tea yellow mite is harmful, 15% paracetamol EC 1500-2000 times should be sprayed to control it.

What is Toona sinensis?

Toona sinensis, also known as Xiangzhuangtou, Dahongshu, Chuntian and so on, is also known as Chunmiao in Anhui. The root has two layers of skin, also known as Toona sinensis white skin, originated in China, distributed in a wide range of areas in the north and south of the Yangtze River, for the neem family. Deciduous trees, dioecious, leaves even-pinnate, panicles, bisexual flowers white, fruit is an elliptic capsule, winglike seeds, seeds can reproduce. The tree is tall, which is not only for the consumption of Toona sinensis buds, but also the preferred tree species for landscaping. In ancient times, Toona sinensis was called Toona sinensis and Toona sinensis was called Gui.

Chinese people began to eat Toona sinensis a long time ago, and now it has become a habit. Toona sinensis has been accepted by people all over the country as early as the Han Dynasty. And it is worth saying that Chunya is very rich in nutrition, and it can play a certain therapeutic effect, for some exogenous wind chills and rheumatism arthralgia and dysentery stomachache and other diseases have a good effect.

Efficacy and function of Toona sinensis

1. Appetizer and spleen

Toona sinensis is a famous product in season, which contains volatile aromatic organic compounds such as toon, which can strengthen spleen and appetizer and increase appetite.

2. Anti-aging and cosmetology

Containing vitamin E and sex hormone substances, it has the effect of anti-aging and tonifying yang and nourishing yin, so it has the laudatory name of "progesterone" and has a good effect on lubricating skin, so it is a good food for health care and beauty.

3. Clearing heat and promoting dampness

Toona sinensis can play the role of clearing heat and dampness, at the same time, it also has the effect of diuresis and detoxification, and can play a certain auxiliary role in diseases such as enteritis and dysentery, as well as urinary system infection, so there is another folk saying. That is, "often eat Chinese toon buds do not catch disease."

4. Dispel worms and treat ringworm

Toona sinensis has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal effect, can be used to treat ascariasis, sore, scabies and other diseases.

5. astringent blood to stop dysentery and avalanche

Toona sinensis can play a certain role in dryness, dampness and heat, and can also be used to restrain astringency. It has a very good effect on chronic diarrhea and intestinal hemorrhoids. In addition, it can also be used to treat avalanche and leakage.

Toona sinensis was seen more and more when the editor was young. with all kinds of collection and development in rural areas, Toona sinensis is less and less. The editor remembers that when I was a child, I often ate scrambled eggs with Toona sinensis, which smelled of a special fragrance, and eating Toona sinensis was also very helpful to human health.