The problem of "three controls" fertilization for growing Rice

The "three-control" fertilization technology for rice is aimed at the outstanding problems in rice production, such as excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, unstable yield, low fertilizer use efficiency, serious environmental pollution and so on. an efficient and safe fertilization and supporting technical system characterized by fertilizer control, seedling control and pest control (referred to as "three controls"). Advantages: first, high and stable yield, increase production and income. In general, the yield is increased by about 10%, the lodging is greatly reduced, the resistance is strong, the yield is stable, and the income is increased and the expenditure is reduced by more than 100 yuan per mu. Second, save fertilizer and medicine, safety and environmental protection. Nitrogen fertilizer was saved by 10% to 30%, nitrogen use efficiency was increased by 10%, and non-point source pollution was significantly reduced. With the reduction of diseases and insect pests, the number of pesticides can be reduced for 1 or 3 times, which is beneficial to the edible safety of rice. Third, it is simple and practical and has wide adaptability. The operation of this technology is simple, and farmers can achieve a stable effect of increasing production and income as long as they do it according to the technical regulations. It can be applied under different varieties, different soils and climatic conditions, and the effect is stable. Generally increase production by about 10%, save fertilizer, pesticide, labor and other costs more than 30 yuan per mu, increase income and save more than 100 yuan per mu. Lodging was significantly reduced, diseases and insect pests were reduced, and yield stability was significantly improved. The main technical points are as follows:

1. Total nitrogen fertilizer control: the total nitrogen application rate was determined according to the target yield and the yield in the blank area without nitrogen application. Based on the yield in the blank area, about 5 kg of nitrogen was applied for every 100 kg of rice. The output of blank area can be determined by experiment or estimated by investigation. The target yield is determined according to variety, soil and climate.

two。 Stage-by-stage regulation and control of nitrogen fertilizer: after the total amount of nitrogen application is determined, according to the proportion of about 40% of base fertilizer, 20% of mid-tillering stage (about 15 days after transplanting), 30% of young panicle differentiation and 5% of heading stage, determine the amount of nitrogen application at each stage, and then make appropriate adjustments according to leaf color before topdressing. The most important feature of this technology is to greatly reduce tiller fertilizer, reduce invalid tillers, and focus on large panicles on the premise of ensuring the number of panicles.

3. Application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer: on the basis of the yield in the blank area without fertilization, it is necessary to increase the yield of 100kg rice by 2kg of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) and 4kg of potassium fertilizer (K2O). In the absence of yield data in the blank area, the application rate of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be determined according to the ratio of N ∶ P2O5 ∶ K2O=1 ∶ (0.20.4) ∶ (0.81). All phosphate fertilizer was used as base fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer was applied half at tillering stage and at the beginning of panicle differentiation.

Other supporting techniques: ① reasonable close planting to ensure the basic number of seedlings. When planting or throwing 18000 clumps per mu, the basic seedlings of hybrid rice and conventional rice reached 30, 000 and 60, 000 respectively. ② timely control seedlings. Start drying the field when the number of tillers reaches 80% of the target number of panicles, and control invalid tillers. But don't re-sun the fields. ③ controls diseases and insect pests. Rice sheath blight, rice leaf roller, rice planthopper and other diseases and insect pests in rice fields with "three-control" fertilization technology are less harmful, and pesticides can be applied less than one or three times as appropriate. Others are the same as existing habitual techniques.

Note: reasonable close planting to ensure the basic number of seedlings. If the density and basic seedlings do not meet the requirements, the tiller fertilizer should be applied early and the amount of nitrogen application should be increased appropriately. If the soil has poor ability to conserve water and fertilizer, or if the density and basic seedlings do not meet the requirements, 3kg of urea should be applied 5-7 days after transplanting. If the previous crop is vegetable or green manure, the amount of fertilizer should be reduced as appropriate.