High yield and early planting of autumn potato is the key.

Practice has proved that the yield of sweet potato is closely related to the growth of stems and leaves. Sweet potato is a kind of temperature-loving crop. July to September with high temperature and humidity is the golden season for the cultivation of autumn sweet potato. The experience of high yield in various places has proved that timely early planting, prolonging the effective growth period and increasing the effective accumulated temperature are one of the important measures to capture the high yield of autumn potato.

According to the experiment of planting period, the effective accumulated temperature is closely related to the yield during the growth period of autumn potato. The yield of sweet potato cultivated from the first ten days of July to the first ten days of September is as follows: the growth period is 65 to 70 days, the effective accumulated temperature is 650 to 800 ℃, the yield per mu is about 750 million 900 kg; the growth period is 100 to 120 days, the effective accumulated temperature is 800 to 1100 ℃, the yield per mu is 2000 to 2500kg; when the growth period is 150 days and the effective accumulated temperature is 1200 to 1500 ℃, the yield per mu can reach 4000 million kg. It shows that early planting can prolong the effective growth period, increase the effective accumulated temperature, and the yield can be greatly increased.

First, the choice of planting time.

In the growth process of autumn potato, the temperature from high to low, Rain Water from more to less, sunshine from strong to weak. The high temperature and humidity weather from July to September is beneficial to the growth of aboveground stems and leaves in the early stage of autumn potato, forming an ideal leaf area, and laying a good foundation for the manufacture and accumulation of nutrients in the middle and later stage. For the autumn potato planted in the middle and last ten days of September, due to the gradual decrease of air temperature, Rain Water is rare and the plant growth is slow, which is very disadvantageous to the aboveground growth, but with less Rain Water, sufficient sunshine and large temperature difference between day and night, the plant consumption is less and the accumulation is more. Therefore, we should grasp the favorable weather of high temperature and humidity, plant early at the right time, make the aboveground stems and leaves grow early and branch early, and form a good green leaf area, which can lay a good foundation for high yield.

Second, management measures.

The climatic and environmental conditions of early planting and late planting are different. In the cultivation and management measures, the corresponding management measures should be taken according to the growth characteristics and climate change law of autumn potato.

1. High-yield varieties with high temperature and humidity tolerance were selected, such as Guangshu 62, Zhoushu 13, Chaoshu 1 and so on.

two。 Using potato cubes to raise seedlings, renew and rejuvenate seedlings, eliminate old and weak seedlings, do not use old and weak seedlings as seedlings, select the first and second stage young and strong seedlings for planting.

3. Reasonable close planting, early planting should be a little sparse, about 3200 seedlings per mu. The horizontal planting method was adopted to eliminate the oblique insertion method and increase the number of tubers. 8-10 days before cutting and transplanting, the potato seedlings were peeled off to promote branching, and the first young and strong seedlings were selected to plant.

4. Apply more organic matter fertilizer, do not apply chemical nitrogen fertilizer before tuber, should be combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, especially potash fertilizer, to prevent stem seedlings from growing in the early stage. In the middle and later stage, tuber fertilizer and strong potato fertilizer should be well applied to promote root expansion and prevent premature senescence of stems and leaves.

5. There are many Rain Water in the early growth stage of autumn potato, so it is necessary to dredge the ditch and eliminate waterlogging in time, pay attention to ploughing and loosening the soil, and keep the potato field dry and ventilated. Rain Water is rare in the later period, so we should pay attention to pouring "racing water" or watering water.

6. Timely control of diseases, pests and rodents, and soil cultivation for many times to prevent border soil cracking and put an end to the invasion of small weevil to harm the root tuber. Potato blast disease areas should pay attention to spray prevention to prevent the occurrence of potato blast.