Intensive cultivation techniques for Super High yield of growing Rice

I. Technical characteristics

Compared with the traditional high-yield cultivation techniques, the rice super-high-yield intensive cultivation technique system has the following characteristics.

1. Young seedlings should be planted early. The intensive cultivation technique can transplant 2Mel seedlings of 3 leaf age in winter fallow field or winter paddy field, and transplant 3Mel seedlings of 5 leaf age in two cropping fields. compared with the traditional technique, the transplanted seedlings can reduce 4 leaves by 2Mel, which is beneficial to early growth and rapid development, and improve the panicle rate of tillers.

2. Sparse planting of strong plants. The intensive cultivation technique Honda sparse planting, planting 6000 thousand holes per mu, 5000 million holes less than the traditional technology, is conducive to the occurrence of tillers and the growth of a single plant, forming a population structure conducive to high yield and promoting large panicles and more grains.

3. Moist and strong root. Compared with the traditional techniques, the intensive cultivation techniques are mainly based on wet irrigation in the field after transplanting, which greatly reduces the water consumption of irrigation and is beneficial to the growth and development of roots.

4. Control the seedling to be strong. Intensive cultivation techniques put more emphasis on drying the field in the middle stage, controlling the occurrence of ineffective tillers and promoting the growth of effective tillers to achieve strong stems and large ears.

5. High yield of foot fertilizer. The super-high-yield intensive cultivation of rice requires an appropriate increase in the amount of fertilizer applied. According to the level of soil fertility and yield requirements, the application of pure nitrogen per mu is 1 kg more than that of conventional techniques, with emphasis on the application of organic fertilizer. In the fertilization method, the principle of "increasing the amount of panicle and grain fertilizer before decreasing and increasing after decreasing" was adopted. The base fertilizer was mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by available chemical fertilizer, and sufficient topdressing and panicle fertilizer were applied to meet the nutritional requirements of high yield.

In the process of demonstration and extension, combined with rice field no-tillage, hybrid waxy interplanting and other technologies, the technical advantages are more obvious, and the economic benefits are higher.

II. Main cultivation technical regulations

I) selection of suitable super high-yielding varieties

High yield and high quality hybrid rice combinations with strong tillering ability, large panicle type, strong lodging resistance and good adaptability should be selected.

2) to cultivate strong seedlings of appropriate age

It is recommended to use plastic floppy disk (or no disk) to raise dry seedlings, or wet and heat preservation to raise seedlings, determine the sowing amount and fine sow according to the seedling age, strengthen fertilizer and water management, and cultivate strong seedlings of appropriate age.

3) the quality of transplanting seedlings

1. Field preparation

After winter fallow fields or previous crops are harvested, water is released, soaked, ploughed, raked and leveled in time, and then fertilized, and then raked again to retain shallow water to plant seedlings. Open ridge cultivation is advocated, with a width of about 1.5 meters, a ditch width of 0.2 meters and a depth of 0.1 meters.

2. Timely and early planting

The seedlings with 5 leaves of 2Mel were transplanted in time in the two cropping fields. In order to grab the farming time and save the cost, no-tillage can be implemented in the rice field after harvest.

3. Reasonable sparse planting

Pull the wire to transplant rice seedlings, or pull the wire to open the box (ridge cultivation) and transplant, in order to improve the ventilation and light transmission condition of the field population.

Paddy fields with low soil fertility or low level of fertilization: transplanting specification 8mur9 inch × 8Mel 9 inch (0.8-10,000 holes per mu).

Paddy fields with medium soil fertility or medium fertilization level: the transplanting scale is 1.2ft × 1.2ft (4500Mu 5000 holes per mu).

At the same time, the variety characteristics should also be taken into account. The density of high-yielding rice varieties with large panicle and more grains should be sparse, on the contrary, the density should be increased appropriately.

4. reform the way of transplanting.

Three seedlings were planted in each litter and triangular planting was carried out. The row spacing was 1 Mel 1.2 feet, the litter spacing was 1 Mel 1.2 feet, and the seedling spacing was 2 Mel 3 inches. The three seedlings in a single hole are small triangle, and the staggered points between rows are cultivated in a large triangle, so that there is density in the middle and sparse in the density, so as to promote tillering and increase the number of effective panicles.

(IV) strengthening field management

1. Balanced fertilization with formula

①, types of fertilization: the effect of combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer is the best in rice super-high-yield intensive cultivation, and it can improve fertilizer use efficiency, soil fertility, rice quality and so on.

②, fertilization method and fertilizer application amount: according to the required level of paddy field fertility and yield, we should stabilize nitrogen and increase potassium, generally applying 12 kg of pure nitrogen per mu, with a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at 2:1:2, and 40 kg of "Qiqu Mountain" brand soil testing formula fertilizer should be used as base fertilizer per mu of medium fertility fields. Look at the application of panicle fertilizer for seedlings, if the field is prosperous, it can be applied less or late, on the contrary, it can be applied early or more. Generally, 4-6 kg of urea and 7.5 kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu after rewatering. In order to increase the seed setting rate and grain weight, grain fertilizer was sprayed with "920" 1 gram Jiashufeng "481" and 50 kg water in a bag of "920" plus Shuofeng "481" 7 days after heading. Generally speaking, it is required to be able to roar in the early stage (promoting early growth and rapid development of tillers, early enough seedlings), controlling in the middle stage (reducing the number of ineffective tillers, promoting the growth of effective tillers), and stable in the later stage (maintaining roots and protecting leaves, promoting grain filling).

2. Water saving and high yield techniques.

①, returning to green period: planting and turning green in shallow water (about 2 cm).

②, early growth stage (tillering stage): maintain moist or dry-wet alternative irrigation in shallow water at early tillering stage (that is, irrigation 2m / cm, dry / dry / open field for 2 days, reirrigation, and so on) to promote early growth and rapid development of tillers In the later stage of tillering, "looking at the seedlings and drying the field", that is, when the total number of seedlings (10 tillers of the main stem) reaches 18-200000 per mu, if the field is growing vigorously or difficult to drain, the number of ineffective tillers should be reduced when the total number of seedlings reaches 15-180000 per mu, increase the panicle rate of tillers and promote the growth of large tillers.

③, in the middle stage of growth (young spikes differentiate to spike and blossom): keep shallow water (about 2 cm) irrigation to promote large spikes, avoid drought.

④, late growing period (grain filling and fruiting stage): dry, dry and wet alternate irrigation, root maintenance, leaf protection and grain filling, and water was cut off for 7 days before maturity, which must not be cut off too early, affecting yield and quality.

3. weeding at the right time

There are three ways to do this

① and weeding in mid-tillage: according to the occurrence of weeds, combined application of tiller fertilizer at tillering stage was carried out for 3 times of artificial seedling raising and weeding.

②, chemical weeding: generally carried out 10 days after transplanting rice seedlings, keep 4mur5cm water layer in the field, use 13 grams per mu, spray with water or mix fine soil, do not drain water within 7 days after application, do not use chemical herbicides that are not allowed in national standards.

③, rice bran weeding: after the seedlings turn green and survive, drain the field, spread rice bran 100kg per mu evenly to cover the field, spray rice chaff and mix well until kneaded, so that the rice chaff does not float on the water surface in the field and evenly cover the soil surface. 5 days after the application of rice chaff, the field water is muddy, and the soil surface is white and thin paste after 10 days, and then implement wet management. Thus it can effectively prevent the growth of weeds.

4. integrated prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

①, first-generation borer and leaf blast control: from late May to early June, 40% Fogo 8 grams or 90% insecticidal dan 60 grams plus 75% tricyclazole wettable agent 30 grams per mu to control rice first-generation borer to prevent leaf blast. For the fields with leaf blast, 40% Fuji 1 100 grams per mu should be used to control.

② second generation borer and neck blast control: from late July to early August, the period from booting to broken heading is the key period for the control of rice stem borer, panicle neck blast, sheath blight and rice false smut. According to the principle of applying pesticide first to break the opening and heading of rice, 13% rice is used per mu. (tricyclazole) 80g or 75% tricyclazole 30g plus 30% Aimiao 20ml or 30% clean seedling EC 20ml plus 40% Fogo 8g or chlorpyrifos EC 80ml to control panicle neck blast, rice false smut, sheath blight and second generation borer.

③ rice planthopper, rice leaf roller and rice bract control: the above pests are sporadic rice pests in our county and usually occur in the first and middle of August. Control rice planthopper with 5 grams or 20% imidacloprid (imidacloprid) 16 grams plus 50% dichlorvos 100 milliliters per mu, and control rice leaf roller and rice bract insects with 20% Kangkang 10 grams or 40% Fogo 8 grams per mu.