It is necessary to do a good job in the management of peanut in the middle and later stage of growing peanut.

In peanut planting and production, the management in the middle and later stage can not keep up, which will lead to lower peanut yield, which is a factor seriously restricting the expansion of peanut planting area.

The main results are as follows: 1. timely topdressing and cultivating soil peanut is easy to reduce the number of flowers and affect the fruit needle into the soil from the beginning of flowering to the full flowering stage. different conditions should be distinguished and reasonable nutrient supplement should be carried out.

1. In the plots with insufficient base fertilizer or weak seedling potential, 7.5kg of urea, 10kg of calcium superphosphate or 15kg of ternary compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied per mu, which is beneficial to more flowers and fruits and ensure high yield.

two。 In the nitrogen deficient plot, the leaves of peanut heart leaves are light yellow and small, and the veins are green, so urea should be applied 5-7.5 kg per mu; if phosphorus is deficient, the plant is stunted, the leaves are blue-green and curled upward, and 7.5-10 kg of diammonium phosphate can be applied per mu. And 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was sprayed 50 kg per mu. For potassium deficiency, the leaves are dark green, the edge is dry, potassium sulfate 10kg / mu or plant ash 50kg / mu, calcium deficient plants grow slowly, the empty shell rate is high, and lime 40kg / mu is needed to increase yield and improve quality.

3. Cultivate soil at the right time. The key to soil cultivation is timely and early, because the plant is short, the fruit branches are easy to be picked up by the soil, and the weeds have not yet all germinated, and it is easy to cause grass famine; too late, it is disadvantageous to the early pod development by prolonging the time of needles in the late stage, which increases the number of young fruits, blighted fruits and rotten fruits. The suitable time for soil cultivation is: the flowering stage of a single peanut plant, a small number of fruit needles have been buried in the soil, and a large number of fruit needles have not yet been buried in the soil. It is necessary to ensure that the trenches do not hurt the roots, cultivate the soil without pressing the vines, effectively promote the normal development of the fruit needles that have been buried in the soil, and create conditions for the middle and upper fruit needles to be buried in the soil.

Second, timely watering and drainage as the saying goes, "if the ground is dry, it will not stick a needle, and if it is wet, it will not bulge." That is to say, in the middle and later stages of peanut growth, the land should be kept "dry and wet". If there is too much rainfall or poor drainage from flowering to full fruit stage, and the soil water content exceeds 80% of the field capacity, it will affect the development of roots or pods due to soil anoxia, resulting in a large number of rotten fruits. During this period, due to waterlogging, the rotten fruit rate of peanuts increased, and the average yield decreased by about 30%. Therefore, it is necessary to dredge drainage ditches in time for waterlogged plots, so that light rain will not be waterlogged and heavy rain will not cause disasters.

Spraying micro-fertilizer and preventing premature senility

1. Spray micro-fertilizer. Trace elements play an irreplaceable role in the growth and development of peanut (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.). Once a certain trace element is deficient, it will show the corresponding symptoms of element deficiency through the external morphology of the plant. Peanuts are sensitive to trace elements such as iron, molybdenum, boron and calcium, especially iron. Growing peanuts in alkaline soil is prone to iron deficiency, showing symptoms of yellow leaf albinism. If the iron fertilizer is sprayed in time, the leaf color of peanut can be changed from white to green in a few days, which can obviously increase the yield. According to the experiment, spraying 0.4% ferrous sulfate at the full flowering stage and pod filling stage of autumn peanuts can increase the yield by more than 10%. Zinc supply is ample, peanuts grow vigorously, plants are strong and leaves are luxuriant. If the iron fertilizer is mixed with zinc fertilizer, the effect of increasing yield is better.

two。 Don't overcontrol it. Due to the spraying of a large number of chemical control agents, such as paclobutrazol, there is a phenomenon of premature senescence of peanuts in individual plots. Therefore, for peanuts with insufficient basal fertilizer or high yield, spraying foliar fertilizer in the middle and later stages of peanut growth is an effective measure to obtain high quality and high yield of peanuts. The mixture of 1% urea and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed 30-50 days before harvest, 50 kg per mu each time. Spraying once every 10 days, generally 2 times and 3 times, played a significant role in improving the photosynthetic capacity of leaves and promoting the fullness of pods.

Fourth, timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. To control underground pests such as grubs, mix well with 48% Lesben EC 200ml / mu with an appropriate amount of water and 1 kg of fine sand, or with 5% phoxim granules 3 kg / mu, 1.5 kg / mu and 2.5 kg of fine dry soil. Buried near peanuts.

To control cotton bollworm, bridge worm, Spodoptera litura and other pests, when more than 30 larvae (eggs) and 30% of beige larvae have been hatched, the leaves should be sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis before the 3rd instar of the larvae, or 3.2g / mu of hyperosmotic avermectin is sprayed on water of 60kg / mu.

For the prevention and control of peanut leaf spot, 75% chlorothalonil 150 g / mu can be sprayed. At the same time, peanut rust can also be treated with Jinggangmycin 100 g / mu or sulfur gel suspension 15-20 kg, foliar spraying.

Fifth, harvest at the right time. When the leaves of the upper branches of peanuts turn yellow, most of the leaves of the middle leaves have fallen off, the reticulation of the shell is clear, and after peeling the pods, the sponge layer in the shell has black luster, the grain is full, the seed coat is ruddy, and the full fruit rate reaches 85%, indicating that the peanut has matured and must be harvested in time. Harvesting too early or too late will reduce the quality and yield.