Cultivation of Spring Peanut covered with plastic Film

The plastic film mulching cultivation technology of spring peanut is one of the "top ten" agricultural advanced technologies popularized by the Ministry of Agriculture. It was introduced into our city in 1998 and was demonstrated and popularized in 1999. it has been proved that this technology is indeed an important technical measure to improve the yield and quality of peanut.

1. The advantages of peanut plastic film mulching cultivation. 1. Peanut plastic film mulching can increase the soil temperature by 4 degrees, keep the soil moisture stable, and make the soil loose and unconsolidated. 2. Peanut mulching with plastic film is beneficial to the activity of soil microorganisms, promote the effective transformation of soil nutrients and prevent fertilizer leaching. 3. Peanut covered with plastic film can enhance the germination potential of seeds, increase the germination rate and shorten the time of seedling emergence. According to the experiment, the germination rate is generally increased by 5 Mel 10%, and the seedling emergence time is 5 Mel 7 days earlier. 4. Peanut covered with plastic film can promote vegetative growth, developed root system, early and more root nodule formation, and healthy growth in the early growth stage. According to the measurement, the growth was doubled after sowing for 30 days. 5. Peanut plastic film mulching can promote peanut flowering earlier, increase the number of flowers, increase the number of effective flowers, increase the seed setting rate, and increase the number of fruit per plant and the number of full fruit. According to the experiment, the number of peanut covered with plastic film is generally 2 more than that of single dwarf without plastic film mulching, the number of full fruits is 1.04 more, and the yield is increased by 41.37 kg per mu.

2. Cultivation techniques of peanut covered with plastic film.

1. Soil selection and soil preparation: the soil should choose more than medium fertility, deeper loam or light sandy loam, and better drainage and irrigation conditions or rotation stubble land. It is necessary to carry out deep ploughing and fine raking to remove residual stubble and stones to the extent that the soil is finely broken and the soil surface is flat.

2. Fertilization: the fertilizer in the whole growth period of peanut cultivated with plastic film mulching is applied before sowing, and the organic fertilizer can be applied in the whole layer. The chemical fertilizer can be spread before making the bed, or it can be concentrated on the border surface after the whole furrow. Combined with finishing operation, the chemical fertilizer can be evenly mixed with the surface soil of the border. Application amount according to soil fertility, the average yield of peanuts per mu is 250v-380kg, which requires 11.3mu of pure nitrogen 18.5kg, 2.0Mel 3.7kg of pure phosphorus, 4.4m2 of 11.9kg of pure potassium and 36.2 kg of pure calcium. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium adopted by plastic film mulching technology is 6:1:4, 1500000kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 1500000kg of human feces and urine, 3050kg of ternary compound fertilizer. Or compound fertilizer 20ml 25kg, lime 50kg.

3. Seed selection and treatment: the seeds should be large and full, free from diseases and insect pests, and the germination rate should be more than 95%. It is best to use chemical treatment to protect the seeds, and pre-sowing osmosis treatment before sowing, 50% carbendazim powder 50% 100g per mu before sowing.

4. Sowing date, sowing mode and density: sowing generally requires sowing from late February to early March, seizing the "cold tail and warm head" for sunny sowing. The planting method adopts the small border double-row dense planting method, the border groove is 80 cm wide, the border height is 30mi 35 cm, and the border surface is about 45 cm wide, forming a trapezoidal border; the hole sows two seeds, the hole distance is 12 mi 14 cm, and the sowing depth is 3 mi 5 cm. It is best to use a burrowing device to make holes. After sowing and covering the soil, the border surface should be kept flat, the soil grains are fine, and the ditch is straight and smooth, so as to cover the film and drain water. The planting density is 1.8-22000 plants per mu.

5, the use of herbicides: choose Acetochlor or butachlor, Acetochlor 200 grams per mu, or butachlor 400 grams per mu, water 60m / m 80kg, spray evenly on the border and both sides after sowing, and cover the film immediately after spraying.

6. Film mulching: after sowing, the soil on both sides of the slope from the bottom of the ditch is pulled to the furrow with a hoe, and the depth is the same as that of the bottom of the ditch. Then cover the film manually in groups of three, that is, one person lays the film in front of the bed, and the other two people stand in the ditch on both sides of the border, while gently stepping on the film with their feet to press the film vertically, pull it flat, and make the film close to the border surface; while using a hoe to press the soil culture in the ditch on both sides of the film, compacting and compacting to restore the shape of the original border. Use a small mound of soil on the border every 0.5m or so to protect the film from the wind. The film laying and pressing should cooperate with each other, while laying the film, pressing the film and moving at the same time. Operation should be careful to avoid breaking the film. When laying the film, you should avoid the strong wind, and you should lay the film downwind.

7. Film breaking: when peanut cotyledons are unearthed, cut the plastic film on the plastic film directly above the cotyledons with a blade or sharp knife (or fingernail) to form a cross, about 4 cm in length. The breaking of the membrane was carried out twice, the first time was when 80% of the cotyledons were unearthed, and the second time, when all cotyledons were unearthed, do not lift the film and uncover the film.

8. Strengthen field management and timely harvest: first, check the quality of film mulching after sowing to check whether the wind blows the film; second, check seedlings and replant as soon as possible; third, check the seedlings in the film in time; fourth, press grass with soil; fifth, pay attention to the prevention and control of grubs, aphids, scab, leaf spot, rust and other diseases and insect pests. Sixth, reasonable topdressing, extra-root topdressing in the middle and later stages of growth, with a mixture of 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 2% superphosphate and 1% urea; seventh, pay attention to drainage and irrigation water, generally requiring dry seedlings, wet needles, and moistening pods; eighth, peanut harvest should be carried out in the ripe period, about mid-July to late July.