One-time full-layer fertilization cultivation of autumn peanut

The one-time full-layer fertilization cultivation technique of peanut refers to the cultivation technique in which the fertilizer absorbed in peanut life is used as base fertilizer before sowing and does not increase topdressing during peanut growth. This technology has the characteristics of increasing production, saving labor, simplifying the fertilization procedure, and making it easy for farmers to master and use it in production. We experimented and demonstrated in our county from 1999 to 2001, covering a total area of 250 mu. According to the yield measurement, the yield per mu is as low as 283.5 kg and the highest is 332.6 kg, with an average yield of 302.5 kg per mu. Compared with the traditional fertilization method in our county, the yield increase per mu is 8% and 15%. This set of cultivation techniques is introduced as follows.

First, land selection: it is appropriate to choose plots with convenient drainage and irrigation, medium soil fertility and strong water and fertilizer conservation capacity for planting. The soil with medium soil fertility and poor ability of water and fertilizer conservation is not suitable to adopt this technology.

Second, seed selection: Yueyou 79 and Yueyou 5 are recommended.

Third, sowing at the right time: the sowing time should be in early August. Timely sowing makes peanut plant growth have a longer vegetative growth period and accumulate more nutrients, which is conducive to the acquisition of high yield.

Fourth, seed treatment: peanuts are exposed to the sun for 2 days before shelling, and peeled the day before or the same day before planting, so as to improve the germination energy and germination rate of seeds. Before sowing, remove the unfull kernels, select the full seeds as seeds, and disinfect the seeds with carbendazim (0.2 jin of carbendazim per 100 jin peanut kernels), which is beneficial to the neat emergence and strong seedlings of peanuts after sowing.

Fifth, select fertilizers and fertilization methods: after ploughing, apply 80 kg of compound fertilizer (11.3% of nitrogen, 9% of phosphorus oxide, 11.3% of potassium oxide, 0.6% of borax) or 9 kg of pure nitrogen, 6 kg of phosphorus oxide, 9 kg of potassium oxide and 0.5 kg of borax per mu according to the formula or dosage, all the fertilizers are evenly applied at one time according to this formula or dosage, and then the soil is raked loose and flat, and then it can be planted separately.

6. reasonable close planting: the planting method of wide row and narrow plant is adopted, that is, 1.76 meters per row is covered with furrow, 5 rows are planted in each row, 2 seeds are sown in each hole, the row spacing is 0.27 meters, and the plant spacing is 0.17 meters. This method is to make use of the edge advantage, the field population in the middle and later stage of plant growth is more ventilated, and the stems and leaves do not shade premature senescence; second, there are sufficient basic seedlings, which is an important condition to ensure the high and stable yield of peanut. Pay attention to digging ditches around the field and eliminate stagnant water in time.

7. Chemical elimination and no-tillage: evenly spray herbicide solution in the evening of peanut planting and spray it to the border surface to be moist. There are two points worth paying attention to in chemical and no-tillage: 1, after spraying herbicide, there are still a small amount of weeds, which should be pulled out once at flowering stage; 2, during the period of falling needles and pods, the topsoil is too dry, so it should be irrigated properly to make the soil moist, conducive to needling and podding, and ensure high yield.

8. Application of black and white ash: 50 jin of black and white ash (30 jin of plant ash + 20 jin of quicklime) was applied from the flowering stage to the early podding stage of peanut.

9. Apply micro-fertilizer: in full bloom, spray plants with 15 grams of ammonium molybdate and 50 kilograms of water per mu, and spray again 40-50 days before fruit harvest.

Spraying foliar fertilizer: in the later stage of peanut growth, attention should be paid to spraying foliar fertilizer to maintain roots and protect leaves, promote satiety and strengthen fruit, and increase yield. After soaking in 3 jin of calcium superphosphate per mu for 24 hours, the clear liquid + 1 jin of urea + 0.3 jin of potassium chloride was sprayed with 120 jin of water. Spray once every 7 days, twice in a row.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests:

Prevention and control of peanut rust and leaf spot: after flowering, one of the following pesticides can be selected and sprayed alternately for 2 to 3 times according to the instructions for the use of the pesticide. ① Shigao; ② chlorothalonil; ③ colloidal sulfur. Prevention and control of peanut thrips, aphids, leaf rollers and Spodoptera litura: one of the following pesticides can be selected and applied with water in accordance with the instructions for the use of the pesticide. ① Badan; ② Aktai; ③ imidacloprid.

12. Suitable harvest: the whole growth period of Yueyou 79 and Yueyou 5 are about 115 days and 110 days respectively.