Eight key points for overwintering management of growing wheat

From emergence to overwintering, the growth of winter wheat is characterized by long roots, long leaves, long tillers and the completion of vernalization, that is, three growth and one completion, and the growth center is tillering. On the basis of seedling protection, the central task of field management is to promote root and increase tillers, to make weak seedlings strong and strong seedlings grow steadily, to ensure that wheat seedlings survive the winter safely, and to lay a good foundation for more ears and large ears in the coming year.

First, check seedlings and replant. If there is a lack of seedlings and broken ridges due to missing seeds, lack of soil moisture, underground pests and so on, check and replant the seedlings in time, and dry and sow the replanted wheat seeds in cold water for 24 hours to ensure that the whole seedlings are uniform.

Second, eliminate diseases and insect pests at the seedling stage. Common diseases and pests in seedling stage are soil locust, planthopper, underground pests, leaf rust and so on.

Third, the overturning needle. After wheat enters the three-leaf stage, the nutrients in the seed endosperm are exhausted, and the seedlings have to rely on themselves for photosynthesis to produce nutrients for growth and development, which is the key period to promote root and tiller growth. The overturning needle is a powerful measure, that is, it can control the main stem, promote tillering, control the ground and promote the root system by suppressing it again in the three-leaf stage.

Fourth, flexing wheat to loosen the soil. In case of rain at tillering stage, wheat should be flexed in time to loosen the soil, which is beneficial to break the consolidation and promote the growth of root system. For prosperous seedlings, should be deep scratching (more than 7 cm), can play the role of root control. Wheat in saline-alkali land should be hoed after rain to prevent returning salt from harming wheat seedlings.

Fifth, water the winter water well. Appropriate topdressing and winter irrigation should be timely, which generally starts at the average temperature of 7 ℃ ~ 8 ℃ and ends at about 5 ℃, which is when the night freezing is dissipating, and the amount of winter irrigation should not be too large. It is appropriate to be able to permeate through the day and avoid flood irrigation. For wheat fields with insufficient basic seedlings or early sowing, or wheat fields without sufficient base fertilizer, combined with winter irrigation and fertilization, 5 kg ~ 10 kg urea per 667 square meters was applied to promote wheat turning green early, consolidate pre-winter tiller, increase tiller panicle rate, and make winter fertilizer used in spring.

Sixth, watering urine in winter to strictly prevent damage to wheat seedlings. Urine can be irrigated before overwintering to turning green, generally about 500 kg of urine per 667 square meters with accumulation. It is not suitable to irrigate urine when there is snow in saline-alkali land or wheat field, and the effect of watering urine is remarkable. About 15 kg of fresh urine can increase production by 1 kg.

7. Cover the quilt. As the peasant proverb says: wheat eats December soil. It is explained that the quilt has the effect of preventing cold and protecting seedlings. Technical points: after the wheat enters the overwintering period, it will cover the wheat seedlings too early; too late, the leaves will be frozen, the operation will be difficult, and the expected results will not be achieved. After winter irrigation, on the basis of loosening the soil by flexing wheat, cover the soil on the wheat seedlings with a bamboo rake along the ridge, covering the soil about 2 centimeters. This technical measure can stabilize the ground temperature, reduce soil water evaporation, ensure that wheat overwinters with green, reduce ground cracks and make up for cracks.

8. Repression. After covering, wheat should be rolled once or twice before turning green, crushing and crushing to make the soil fine and compact, which is beneficial to eliminate hardening, cracking, heat preservation and soil moisture conservation, and can pull the soil to cover the cracks and prevent soil from leaking. This is an important measure for overwintering management of wheat in water-deficient wheat fields, and another important means for drought resistance and cold resistance to protect seedlings. 9. It is strictly forbidden to graze the green leaves retained during the overwintering period in the wheat field, and photosynthesis can be carried out after turning green, which is the main source of nutrients needed when the growth is just restored. Winter grazing will cause a lot of damage to this part of the green area, weaken the cold resistance and reduce the yield.