Cultivation of cut Rose in Solar greenhouse

First, soil preparation: cut rose, also known as rose, usually has a cultivation period of 4-5 years or more. Therefore, the fertile and loose neutral loam with good air permeability, good drainage and aggregate structure should be selected. Soil disinfection should be carried out before planting, and formalin, dimethazone, carbofuran and other agents can be used for disinfection. After disinfection, trench is opened in the position where ridging is prepared. The ditch is 50 cm wide and filled with 30 cm deep high-quality farm manure, and then the land is leveled and ridged.

II. Variety selection

The cultivation period of cut rose is relatively long, and varieties with developed root system, growth potential, disease resistance and strong adaptation are generally selected for cultivation. According to the cultivated varieties in recent years, the main varieties suitable for cultivation in our region are Black Magic and Carola.

3. Planting in ridges and rooms

The cut rose was cultivated with high ridge in solar greenhouse. The ridge width is 50 cm, the groove width is 70 cm, the ridge height is 30 cm, two rows are planted on the ridge, the row spacing is 30 cm, the plant spacing is 25 cm. Immediately after empty planting, the root water is watered with certain fungicides, one tree is thoroughly watered, shaded in time after planting, and the vents are covered with anti-insect net.

IV. Management after planting

1. Temperature and light management: rose likes warmth. The suitable temperature for growth is 15: 26 ℃ in daytime and 12: 16 ℃ at night. The most suitable daylight temperature is 20: 25 ℃ (18-22 ℃ in slow seedling stage), and the night temperature is 14-16 ℃. The growth and flowering are poor when the temperature is above 30 ℃, and stop growing when it is below 5 ℃. Soil temperature has an effect on the root development of roses, and it is best to keep it at about 18 ℃. The number of hours of light is not less than 6 hours a day. A reflective film should be used to make the light uniform.

2, moisture management ears: roses like to be wet, usually should keep the soil moist (water content is about 70%), but avoid soil stagnant water. Excessive humidity will cause diseases, and the difference between soil temperature and water temperature should not be 5 ℃ during watering, otherwise it is easy to damage the root system. In addition, frequent watering can be used to reduce the temperature in summer.

3. Fertilization: rose fertilizer should be applied frequently with thin fertilizer, more nitrogen fertilizer at seedling stage and more phosphorus fertilizer at flowering stage. Generally speaking, fertilization should be carried out according to the proportion of N:P:K=1:1:2 or 1:1:3.

1) Seedling stage: the seedling stage refers to the period from the end of the slow seedling to the time before the cut flower branch is left, about three months. At this stage, small fertilizer should be applied frequently, once every 20 to 25 days combined with watering, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, no more than 15 kg per mu each time. Foliar fertilizer was sprayed once every 10 days, and 0.2-0.3% urea solution was used to add a certain amount of P, K fertilizer and trace elements.

2) flowering period: the flowering period should be combined with watering and topdressing every 15 to 20 days, not more than 20 kg each time. The best fertilizer should be special fertilizer for flowers or N, P, K compound fertilizer, and a certain amount of organic fertilizer should be applied after each cut flower.

4. Plant management: when the new branch grows to about 40 cm, when the bud is exposed, the bud should be removed and pressed under the fixed wire on both sides of the ridge, and the branches that grow after that are also managed in the same way. After about three months, three branches are pressed as nutritive branches, and when the circumference of the branches is more than 0.6 cm, they can be used as cut branches. After that, get rid of the new buds and buds on the pressed branches and the lateral buds on the cut branches (this work is best done in the morning). The buds growing on the cut flower branches should be bagged in time, and the length of the flower cover is 8-9 cm. The first cut flower should leave about 10 centimeters of branches when it is harvested, and the second and third cut flowers should leave 3-4 centimeters of branches when harvesting. After several scissors, there are generally 6 flowering mother branches per plant, which can ensure a good yield today.

5. Pest control: the common diseases of roses in greenhouse are powdery mildew, downy mildew and so on. The main pests are red spiders, aphids and whitefly.

1) powdery mildew: powdery mildew mainly harms leaves, petioles and stems. After the occurrence of powdery mildew, it can be fumigated with chlorothalonil or sprayed with chlorothalonil and thiophanate methyl. The effect of spraying with 40% carbendazim sulfur suspension is also very good.

2) downy mildew: mainly harms leaves, but also stems and pedicels. At the initial stage of the disease, fumigation can be done with chlorothalonil and smoke king, or sprayed with 500 times of DuPont Kelu, 700 times of Pulick's solution and 700 times of Anke's manganese zinc solution.

3) Red spider: it mainly harms the leaves, which can be sprayed with 3000 times of pest and mite light or 1000 times of Paomijing.

4) aphids: aphids overwinter or reproduce mainly as adults and nymphs in solar greenhouse. The fumigation effect of dichlorvos or aphid fumigant is very good. The control effect is also good with 1000-fold solution of aphid lice or pyrethroid pesticide 3000-4000 times spray.

5) White planthopper: it can occur all the year round in the greenhouse, especially in spring and summer. Except for the necessary agricultural measures, the effect of fumigation with lice fumigant is very obvious. Fumigation every 7 days can basically control and kill whitefly.