Lily planting points in northern solar greenhouse

Facilities and conditions

The irrigation systems used in the north are drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and self-made sprinkler irrigation, of which flood irrigation and self-made sprinkler irrigation are common. The advantages of flood irrigation and self-made sprinkler irrigation are economical and applicable. The disadvantage of flood irrigation is that the water is not easy to control, and it will increase the temperature of the greenhouse and destroy the soil structure; the disadvantage of self-made sprinkler irrigation is that the water is uneven. If you want to produce high quality cut flowers, it is best to use sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation.

The main heating methods adopted in the north of the heating system are pipe heating and air heating. The heating heat distribution of the pipeline is uniform, and the temperature is easy to control, but the input cost is high. The heating speed of air heating is fast, but we should pay attention to the heart volume to make its distribution uniform, and ensure that the gas after combustion can be fully discharged.

The cooling methods used in the cooling system in the north are micro-spray, sunshade net and ventilation.

Pre-planting preparation

Soil structure is very important for the growth of lilies, which is rich in humus, deep, loose and well drained. Lily likes slightly acidic soil and is tolerant to salt and alkali. The suitable soil pH value of oriental lily is between 5.5 and 6.5, while that of Asian lily and iron lily is 6.0 and 7.0.

Most of the soils in northern China are loam and heavy loam, pH7.2~8.0 value, soil permeability is not enough, affecting growth; high PH value, affecting the normal absorption of nutrients by plants, resulting in a variety of symptoms of element deficiency. Before planting lilies, the soil should be improved with organic fertilizer or peat, and the pH value of soil should be adjusted by ferrous sulfate and citric acid.

There are two common methods of soil disinfection: steam disinfection and chemical disinfection.

Steam disinfection: less used in practice.

Chemical disinfection: it is divided into soil disinfection and continuous cropping soil disinfection. Conventional soil disinfection refers to the soil planted for the first time, which can be treated with general fungicides and insecticides; continuous cropping soil disinfection refers to the soil planted many times continuously, at this time the soil must be strictly disinfected, mainly chlorination disinfection, the advantage is good effect, the disadvantage is complex use, need to be completed by professionals, and high toxicity, high residue. The substitute product must be destroyed quickly, and it is easy to use, low toxicity and low residue.

The seed ball was thawed immediately after thawing and disinfection, and the seed ball was thawed slowly in a cool place of 10 ℃ ~ 15 ℃. If it can not be planted in time, do not freeze it again, otherwise it is prone to freezing injury. The seed bulb should be placed under the condition of 0 ℃ ~ 2 ℃ and can be preserved for two weeks. It can be stored for one week under the condition of 2 ℃ ~ 5 ℃, and the plastic film should be opened during storage.

After the seed ball is completely thawed, the main method of disinfection is to soak in disinfectant, mainly carbendazim and dimethazone (in practice, if the seed ball is normal and can be planted in time, it can also be disinfected or disinfected with water after planting)

Planting depth and density

It varies according to varieties, specifications and seasons. It is usually denser and shallower in spring and summer and thinner and deeper in winter. The planting density of oriental lily is listed as follows (represented by bulbs per square meter)

Specifications

Variety 12~14cm14~16cm16~18cm

Oriental lily 30,3525,3020,25

Because of the high temperature in summer, in order to prevent stem rot, the north is generally planted after sprouting 2~3cm, the top of the bulb is 4~5cm away from the soil surface, and the top of the bulb is 6~8cm in winter and spring.

Greenhouse management after planting

In order to obtain high quality cut lily flowers, the temperature control in greenhouse is very important. During the rooting period (the first three weeks after planting), the ideal temperature should be controlled between 12 ℃ and 13 ℃, which is beneficial to the rooting and growth of lily stems, but higher than 15 ℃ is not conducive to the development of stem rooting. When the stem rooting begins to grow, the new stem rooting will soon replace the basal disk root, providing 90% of the water and nutrition for the plant, so the development of stem rooting is very important in order to obtain high quality lilies.

If there are conditions for cold storage rooting or cellar rooting in high temperature season, but this method should pay attention to control the moisture content of the substrate, not too large.

After the rooting period is over, the temperature increases gradually from 15 ℃ ~ 17 ℃ to 15 ℃, the highest is 28 ℃, and it is easy to cause buds and yellow leaves when the temperature is lower than 15 ℃.

Humidity the air humidity should be kept between 80% and 85%, but at the same time, excessive fluctuations should be avoided, otherwise it will inhibit crop growth and cause leaf burning of some sensitive varieties. The humidity in the greenhouse is relatively high at night, and the morning ventilation should be phased and slow to reduce the humidity, especially when the outdoor relative humidity is low, such as very cold or very warm weather. In addition, the greenhouse relatively low humidity during the day should not be a large number of watering, in this case, it is best to water in the morning.

There is no specific standard for soil moisture. "hands are held together and the ground is loose". Under certain conditions, it can be irrigated with cold water before planting in the high temperature season, which can not only reduce the soil temperature, but also benefit the development of stem rooting. Immediately after planting should be irrigated once permeable, according to the soil conditions to irrigate the second time, generally no more than three days, and then irrigated according to the soil conditions.

Fertilizer application

(1) in a greenhouse of half an acre, 6 to 8 cubic meters of mature organic fertilizer (cattle, sheep and pig manure) should be applied and mixed well with the soil, preferably about 15 days before planting.

(2) when planting, an appropriate amount of long-acting chemical fertilizer can be applied as base fertilizer, and at the same time, appropriate amount of long-acting chemical fertilizer can be applied as base fertilizer, and appropriate amount of pesticides and fungicides can be applied at the same time. In general, five and a half mu of greenhouse put in the eye kilograms of diammonium phosphate and 10 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, conditions can also increase the application of about 20 kilograms of bone powder. Insecticides can be used with carbofuran or dimethoate, and fungicides can be used with diclofenac or dimethoprim.

(3) during the growth of oriental lily, it is best to use calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, diammonium and urea alternately.

(4) some foliar fertilizers or plant growth regulators should be properly applied in the process of growth.