Management of planting longan flowers and fruits

1) releasing bees for pollination.

Longan is a dioecious insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flower, mainly pollinated by insects. Bees are most active within a radius of 250 meters, so it is best to disperse the swarm in orchards. Every 0.46 - 0.53 square kilometers of longan garden is equipped with a swarm of bees (8 - 10 baskets of bees). In the large-scale longan base, 50 bee colonies are arranged as a group, and a group of bee colonies is arranged every 500 meters. The bee colony pollinating fruit trees should be strong bee colony with new queen, and strengthen feeding management, promote bee colony proliferation and improve bee enthusiasm. The bees should be transported to orchards two or three days before longan blossoms. Insecticide spraying should be suspended in this orchard and nearby orchards, vegetable gardens and crops during bee release.

ii) Artificial pollination.

In the male flower blooming period with a clean wet towel repeatedly gently flutter anther pollen adhesion, and then quickly scrub into the water, when the number of pollen is more, immediately spray with a clean sprayer to the female flower. Pollen immersed in water time can not exceed 20 minutes, if more than 30 minutes pollen will germinate and invalid. With the whole ear blooming flowers immersed in water to wash pollen, should be collected at the same time, quickly washed out pollen in 1 - 2 minutes, quickly sprayed after nylon mesh filtration. In case of lack of pollination conditions on rainy days, pollen should be collected in advance and stored in a dry container with low humidity. After the weather improves, diluted water should be sprayed quickly.

3) thinning fruit.

Thinning time should be from mid-June to early July. Early-maturing varieties early thinning, late-maturing varieties late thinning, more than 1/4 of the final new shoots fruitless trees do not thin out the ears, too many ears (80%-100% of the strong fruit mother branches are hanging fruit) to thin out 10%-30% of the ears, leaving 60%-70% strong fruit mother branches can be. Cut off the over-dense ears, the ears at the top of the crown, the ears with too few fruits, and the ears damaged by diseases and insect pests, leaving the ears covered by branches and leaves in the middle and lower parts of the crown.

After thinning ears, fruit can be thinned carefully one by one, because under the same variety and the same cultivation conditions, the weight of single fruit and the sugar content of flesh are greatly affected by the number of fruits per ear. Under the condition that the thickness of main ear stalk is the same, the more fruit set per ear, the smaller the grain. When the fruit set is too much, the sugar content of flesh will be reduced.

The method of thinning fruit grains per ear is to cut off the densified spikelets first, thinning out partial spikelets, diseased fruits and fruit pedicles, and thinning out too many fruits on the spikelets until the number of fruits reserved meets the number of fruits reserved for the ear diameter. Generally, large fruits leave 20 - 30 per panicle, and medium fruits leave 30 - 50 per panicle.

4) bagging fruit clusters.

Fruit bagging helps prevent insect, yellow (black) bees, bats and other damage to the fruit, so that the fruit skin smooth fresh yellow, reduce fruit cracking, improve the quality of goods. The experiment proved that covering longan ears with plastic mesh bag can not only ventilate, but also have a certain degree of shading, can reduce the temperature of fruit surface at noon by 0.2 - 1.5℃, reduce the occurrence of sunburn of young fruits, and play an insect-proof and bat-proof role.