Fertilization Management of Pineapple Orchard growing Pineapple

Mineral nutrition in soil is the material basis of pineapple plant vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Soil fertility, fertilization amount, fertilizer quality and fertilization technology are one of the important factors that directly affect the normal growth and high yield and stability of pineapple plants. Pineapple is a perennial herbaceous fruit tree with a harvest of 2-3. It has the characteristics of large fruit shape, high yield per unit area and fast vegetative growth. Therefore, it needs more fertilizer. For example, the lack of various mineral nutrients in the soil directly affects the vegetative growth of the plant, resulting in slow growth, thin and early senescence, and reproductive growth is also affected, resulting in small buds, small fruit and low yield. In order to make the plant vegetative growth exuberant, put into production on schedule, large fruit yield, and sustained high and stable yield, reasonable fertilization should be carried out according to the biological characteristics and site conditions of pineapple.

1. Fertilizing in non-production orchard. From planting to vegetative growth period before fruiting, fertilization should be dominated by nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, in order to promote pineapple leaf emergence, increase leaf number and leaf area, and lay a foundation for reproductive growth. The period from budding to fruit ripening is the reproductive growth period, with potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer as the auxiliary fertilizer. The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in pineapple fertilization was about 3:1:2, that is, one part of phosphate fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide), two parts of potassium fertilizer (potassium oxide) and three parts of nitrogen fertilizer (nitrogen). The application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per mu were as follows: nitrogen 35-60kg, phosphorus pentoxide 14-40kg, potassium oxide 13-50kg, yield 1000-2800kg per mu.

Fertilizer application method: one is as base fertilizer, the other is as topdressing. Base fertilizer is applied before planting and before overwintering of each fruit harvest. The amount of base fertilizer before planting is generally 0.5kg per plant, cake fertilizer and compound fertilizer about 20-100kg per mu, less fertile new wasteland and soil, and more mature wasteland and thin land. After fruit harvest, the amount of base fertilizer before overwintering is generally 0.5kg per plant, and then supplemented with 10kg cake fertilizer or compound fertilizer per mu, depending on the size and growth potential of the seedlings. Before overwintering, base fertilizer is often used in combination with hole application to cultivate soil.

Topdressing can be divided into two types: rhizosphere topdressing and extra-root topdressing (foliar topdressing). Rhizosphere topdressing at least twice a year. The first was carried out between December and February of the following year (that is, before budding) to promote bud development, and the second was carried out after fruit harvest in July to promote sucking bud growth. Each time, the amount of fertilizer per mu was mixed with urea 10kg and potassium sulfate 10kg, then applied in the hole around the rhizosphere, or 1000-1500kg in human and animal manure, drenched in the leaf axils at the base of the plant. Extra-root topdressing, which aims to promote plant growth and fruit development, is mainly carried out in the vigorous growth season of pineapple, roughly once in April, June, July and September, and twice in May and August. Each time with 1% urea aqueous solution (adding 0.5% potassium sulfate), or thin (1:10) ripening into animal feces and urine, sprayed and sprinkled on the pineapple leaves. For extra-root topdressing in May and August, potassium sulfate 1kg should also be applied per 667m2.

2. Fertilizing in the production garden. Pineapple orchards that will be put into production or have been put into production should continue to apply fertilizer; for semi-productive and budding plants, fertilization is still dominated by potash fertilizer, supplemented by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, because the sucking buds have begun to sprout and the receptacle buds grow gradually, so, this kind of fertilization not only meets the process of fruit transformation from development to nutrient transformation, but also solves the needs of vegetative growth and development. In order to improve the fruit quality, foliar topdressing was adopted when the fruit faded, and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed. If the daily average temperature is more than 18 ℃ after fruit harvest, quick-acting chemical fertilizer or mature human and animal manure should be applied, urea 15kg, potash fertilizer 10kg, compound fertilizer 10kg per mu of chemical fertilizer should be applied, or 1000kg should be applied to dilute human and animal manure and urine. After fruit harvest, if the temperature has dropped and the root growth has slowed down, cut off the old leaves that extend to the border and press them into the rows, then apply organic fertilizer (such as compost, bran fertilizer, barnyard manure, etc.), and then re-cultivate the soil, this time the fertilizer is not only budding fertilizer, but also overwintering fertilizer, compost and garbage fertilizer 2000kg, phosphate fertilizer 30kg, tung bran fertilizer 40kg per mu.

After weeding and leaf cutting, such as from April to October, the available fertilizer was applied again, and urea 15kg, potash fertilizer and compound fertilizer 10kg were mixed between rows or plants per mu, or 1000kg was used to dilute human and animal feces and urine. The main purpose of this fertilizer is to promote the growth of sucking buds in order to bear fruit the following year. Cain species take harvest and fruit production as a growth cycle, and should also be fertilized to attack buds to make buds grow healthily. In addition to rhizosphere fertilization, foliar fertilizer can be applied twice a month because of the high temperature. After fruit harvest, if from November to February of the following year, organic manure should be re-applied. Compost, barnyard manure 2000kg, phosphate fertilizer 30kg, tung bran 40kg should be applied per 667m2, and then re-cultivate the soil to attack budding and prevent cold from overwintering.