Shaping and pruning of Hawthorn trees planted with Hawthorn

The shaping and pruning of Hawthorn is a reasonable management measure based on the management of soil, fertilizer and water, and it is an important technology to promote the high yield of Hawthorn.

I. plastic surgery

The high-yield tree shape of Hawthorn varies with variety, site condition, planting density and mode. The key to a high-yield tree is whether it can maximize the use of space and achieve three-dimensional results. According to the characteristics of Hawthorn tree, such as strong trunk, obvious stratification and strong light-loving performance, the trunk sparse layer shape and natural happy shape should be adopted.

The main characteristics of early high-yield tree shape are as follows: first, low stem. The fixed stem height is 40cm to 60cm, the crown is expanded quickly, the branch quantity is more, the stem circumference is thickened quickly, and the fruit is early. The second is the short crown. The crown diameter is controlled at about 3.5 meters, the tree height is 3 to 3.5 meters, and 111 trees are planted per mu. Make full use of land and light to increase the yield per unit area. The third is the group of few main branches, few lateral branches and many branches. There are 3 to 5 main branches and 2 to 3 lateral branches. The main branch is inclined and extended, making full use of the fruit of the back branch. Each lateral branch should have an appropriate amount of auxiliary branches and direct bearing branches. The tree crown has the advantages of compact structure, good ventilation and light transmission, internal and external results. Fourth, the distance between layers should be large. Hawthorn tree layer spacing of 1.2 to 1.5 meters is better, the use of inner chamber, middle and rear transition zone branches into flowers and fruits.

2. Pruning

1. The shaping and pruning of young trees. The main characteristic of young tree stage is that the growth is small and the growth potential is weak in one or two years after planting, which is the slow seedling stage. This period of pruning is mainly plastic surgery. The pruning method is used to select and cultivate all levels of backbone branches and open them well, so as to lay a foundation for cultivating the structure of high-yield trees. The pruning methods of "promoting first and then slowing down" and "combination of winter and summer" should be adopted in pruning. The pruning principle should be as follows: for 3-year-old young trees, all branches should be cut short, medium and heavy, and more branches should not be thinned, so that they can produce more strong branches, expand their crowns, and then take measures to form flowers to achieve the purpose of early fruiting. The main points of pruning in this period are as follows: for the moderate truncation of the main and lateral branches and the moderate branches growing in parallel, the branches should be lightly cut if there is space, the branches should be increased, the fruiting position should be enlarged, and the uncut without space can be released slowly and bear fruit earlier. Properly remove the branches that grow too densely or compete with the backbone branches.

two。 The shaping and pruning of the primary fruit tree. The pruning in this period should not only build a good tree shape, but also cultivate various types of fruiting branch groups, so as to make the tree gradually transition from a certain yield to a full fruit period. Pruning is mainly based on thinning and culturing fruiting branches. When there is a contradiction between the auxiliary branches and the backbone branches, the auxiliary branches should be dealt with in time to make way for the backbone branches. The retained strong erect branches should be flattened and released slowly so that they can bear fruit early. The branches that have borne fruit for more than two years should be retracted in time to prevent the fruit part from moving out. The competitive branches with space can be cultivated into fruiting branches, and those who are too dense can be removed.

3. The pruning of trees in full fruit. Continue to cultivate and trim the tree shape, improve the combination of leaf canopy units, adjust the surface condition of exposed leaf canopy, cultivate and renew fruiting branches, overcome the phenomenon of fruit in large and small years, strive for high yield, stable yield and high quality, and prolong the years of full fruit. Measures such as truncation, retraction, branch thinning, summer coring and inflorescence thinning should be taken for fine pruning. Keep the ratio of fruiting branch to vegetative branch 2 ∶ 3 or 3 ∶ 2. The fruiting branches were thinned or reinvigorated. The outer branches should be cut short and inflorescences should be thinned to strengthen the growth of vegetative branches. Remove dense branches, overlapping branches, crossed branches, parallel branches, and so on.

4. The result is the pruning of the tree during the update period. During this period, the tree potential obviously weakens, the backbone branches begin to droop, the inner chamber is bare, and a large number of long branches occur, but Hawthorn trees are relatively easy to renew and rejuvenate, as long as the soil, fertilizer and water management is strengthened, and pruning measures are taken to prolong the fruiting years. In general, the backbone branches of all levels were retracted year by year, and the fruiting branches were re-cultured with overgrown branches.