Soilless Propagation and cultivation of Hawthorn

Hawthorn propagation method

There is a big difference between the seedlings used in pot Hawthorn and the seedlings used in field planting. First of all, the seedlings used in pot culture should have well-developed fibrous roots within a small range from the root neck, and the larger the amount of fibrous roots, the more beneficial to the growth after potting. In addition, according to the size of the basin used, the seedling height is generally controlled at about 30 cm, the trunk is less than 20 cm, and grafted seedlings are mostly used. Root tillering seedlings or wild Hawthorn seedlings can be used for rootstocks. When the height of the seedling is about 30 cm, it will be grafted after picking the heart (about 5 days). The scion should choose the cultivated varieties with early flowering and fruiting and high fruit setting rate. Branch grafting or bud grafting are often used. The methods of branch grafting can be split grafting, cutting grafting, abdominal grafting, subcutaneous grafting and root branch grafting, and the survival rate is higher. The time of branch grafting is mostly before and after sprouting in early spring. Budding is mostly carried out from June to July, using T-shaped budding. After the grafted seedlings survive, the roots can be cut with a sharp knife or barrel spade 20 cm away from the trunk in the growing season, including cutting off the main root of the seedling rootstock (usually 20-30 cm deep), and the root system can also be cut short through transplantation. in order to limit the scope of the root system and increase the amount of fibrous roots.

In order to control the seedling height and reduce the trunk branching point, the methods such as trunk branch pulling and coring in the early stage of shoot growth were adopted for the shoot. According to the requirements of pot modeling, the years of nursery nursery stock culture can be extended, but generally, it can be put on the pot for 3 years after grafting.

Grafting in the basin can also be used, that is, after selecting rootstocks on the pot, the method of grafting can be used. in order to achieve rapid prototyping and rapid results. In particular, the perennial branch group grafted with flower buds in the basin has the obvious characteristics of high survival rate and good fruit setting, which is an effective way to quickly cultivate varieties with high ornamental value.

Cultivation and management

Hawthorn soilless pot mostly choose antique ceramic flowerpots or billet pots (inner diameter 30 cm, height 25 cm). The cultivation medium can be mixed with peat, stable fertilizer soil and slag, or vermiculite, stable fertilizer soil and coarse sand. Generally take the spring pot, when the seedlings store more nutrients, can quickly root growth. When going up the basin, a layer of ceramsite is added to the bottom of the basin as the drainage layer, and then the substrate is added to plant the seedlings, and a layer of ceramsite is added to the surface of the basin to prevent watering from overturning the substrate. After putting on the basin, pour water thoroughly, put it in a cool place for about a week, wait for the new bud to sprout, gradually move to the place with sufficient light, and carry on the normal management.

The nutrient solution of Hawthorn soilless cultivation refers to the formula of pomegranate nutrient solution, but it can appropriately increase the proportion of phosphorus and potassium in the nutrient solution during the fruiting period. On weekdays, the nutrient solution is irrigated every 10 days, and the amount of each time is determined according to the plant size. Watering every day to keep the substrate wet and dry, the basin bottom tray should not accumulate water for a long time, so as not to affect the normal growth of the root system. Spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution before flowering and at the stage of young fruit development, spraying 30 50 mg / L gibberellin 3 times at full flowering stage (5 days interval) can increase the fruit setting rate and promote the development of young fruit. For young trees that bear too much fruit, it is sometimes necessary to thinning flowers and fruits properly to make the fruits grow better. The shape of potted Hawthorn can be shaped at will according to the growth of potted trees and the preferences of growers. Curved dry, straight dry, oblique dry, layered, happy and other tree shapes can be. However, due to the obvious advantage of Hawthorn tip, it is easy to cause the growth of lower branches and buds to weaken. Therefore, during plastic surgery, the tree (trunk) should be short rather than high, the angle of the main branch should be large, not small, and the erect branch on the back should be short rather than long, so as to expand its branches outward, form a slightly flat crown, and promote thick, strong and short branches to facilitate flower formation and fruiting.

In order to promote the flower bud formation of young Hawthorn potted trees, the management of fertilizer and water from budding to early flowering is the key. In addition, the technical measures such as peeling and cutting the tree, controlling the use of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer since the middle of July, properly reducing water supply and restraining the occurrence and growth of autumn shoots have obvious effects.

The ornamental period is after the autumn fruit turns red to the end of the year, and at the same time, the dormancy of Hawthorn trees in winter should be met so as not to affect the growth and fruit of next year. The method of burying soil to prevent cold can be used to survive the winter in North China, cellars can be used in Northeast China, and grass mulching in basin or ditch can be used in the south of North China.