How to cultivate BlackBerry scientifically and with good quality

1 site selection

The soil texture of BlackBerry orchard is the most suitable for loam or sandy loam, and the soil pH5.0~8.0 is OK, but the best soil salt content is 6.0-6.5, the soil salt content is less than 0.1%, the soil thickness is the best > 50cm, and the groundwater level is > 100cm. The lowest temperature of most BlackBerry varieties in winter should be higher than-15 degrees Celsius, and the low temperature below 7.2 degrees Celsius in winter should be above 700 to 750 hours.

2Variety selection

At present, the varieties that perform well in Nanjing are Hull, Chester, Boysen, Young, TripleCrown, Navaho, Brazos and so on. The development of BlackBerry should be based on the use of the corresponding varieties.

3Seedling selection

It is better to use one-year-old cutting seedlings, which requires more roots, sturdy seedlings and no diseases and insect pests. If the top rooting seedlings of the current year are used, the plants with good root system and sturdy seedlings should be selected. The seedlings should be of the same size, and the seedlings should be planted separately. Seedling thickness: > 0.5cm (ground diameter); seedling length: 20~30cm.

(4) planting and establishing garden

Open the planting ditch or dig the planting hole, the width of the planting groove is 50cm, the depth is 40cm, the length and width of the planting hole is 50cm, and the depth is 40cm.

The best time for planting seedlings is from early February to early March.

When planting seedlings, it is necessary to apply base fertilizer, the type and amount of base fertilizer: farm manure is better, the amount of 0.5~0.8m3 per mu. Can also be used for pollution-free use, N, P, K effective content of 25% of organic compound fertilizer, 50~60Kg per mu.

The row-plant distance of seedlings varied with different varieties, such as Hull, Chester, Brazos and TripleCrown:250cm × 150cm × Boysen and Navaho:180~200cm × 130cm × 150cm × 120~130cm.

The specific method of seedling planting: trenching or burrowing is best carried out in winter. The filler should be put in immediately after trenching or digging, and the soil should be returned to the soil. When planting, the bottom fertilizer should be evenly applied into the ditch or hole and mixed with the soil, and then the soil should be restored. When planting seedlings, the root system can not touch the fertilizer, and the seedling depth should be planted in the root neck of the seedling.

Irrigation: the fixed root water should be thoroughly watered and rewatered for 2 or 3 times in case of drought.

The drainage and irrigation system should be established in the plantation, especially in a large area. The drainage and irrigation system is determined according to the topography and landform. Generally, there is a row of irrigation ditches with a vertical and horizontal length of 50 to 100m, and the width and depth of the ditches should be 60~80cm.

5 set up a frame

Scaffolding materials and specifications: cement piles or wooden piles. The specifications of cement piles vary from variety to variety, such as Hull, Chester, Brazos and TripleCrown:7cm × 9cm × 230cm × 250cm and Navaho:6cm × 8cm × 210cm × 230cm × 7cm × 190~210cm. The diameter of the stake is 6~8cm, the length is 200mm 250cm, and the wire is 1214mm.

The distance between stents is 5m / 6m.

Erection time: can be carried out after planting, no later than the end of the year at the latest.

Pull iron wire: in the first year, pull two iron wires, the first wire is 50cm~60cm from the ground, the second wire is 50cm away from the first wire; the second year, when trimming and kidnapping, pull the third wire, and the third wire is 50cm from the second wire.

6 routine management

6.1 ploughing, weeding and mulching

According to the situation of grass damage, it is generally ploughed and weeded 3 or 5 times a year. Under certain conditions, straw and other crops can be used to cover the whole garden, and the thickness of 8~12cm. The time of covering is generally in early spring, that is, from mid-late February to early March. If covered, there is no need for ploughing and weeding throughout the year.

6.2 fertilization

6.2.1 topdressing

Look at the seedling fertilization, flourish and grow the field, topdressing should be based on phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the poor growth of the field, should apply more nitrogen fertilizer.

Fertilizer is mainly available fertilizer, which is generally carried out three times a year. The first fertilization is from late March to mid-April, that is, when the sprouting branches occur after sprouting, the fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer; the second time is in the first and middle of May, that is, the fruit expansion period after fruit setting, it should be mainly nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer or compound fertilizer; the third time is in August, that is, after the fruit is ripe (preferably the fruiting branches have been cut off and cleared out of the garden in that year), compound fertilizer is the main fertilizer.

The type and quantity of fertilization: urea 10Kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 20Kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 30~40Kg/ mu.

Application method: ditch application or hole application, cover the soil after fertilizer application, if the soil moisture is poor, topdressing should be combined with watering.

6.2.2 fertilization in winter

In winter, ditching is more than 60cm away from the plant, and 20~30cm is suitable for ditch width and depth. The main fertilizer should be farm manure, the amount of 1.0~1.5m3 per mu, or the organic compound fertilizer with 25% effective content of N, P and K should be 80~100Kg per mu.

6.3 drought resistance and drainage

Hilly areas are mainly drought-resistant in summer and autumn. in general, they should be irrigated every 10 days, and should be irrigated thoroughly every time, such as mulching. Plain or low-lying land should pay attention to the rainy season (the Yangtze River Basin is the plum rain season) drainage, do not waterlogging for a long time.

6.4 Disease and pest control

Do a good job in the investigation of diseases and insect pests, achieve early prevention, early prevention and control, pest control should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of non-pollution.

6.5 pruning and kidnapping

Summer coring: usually in the period when sprouting branches occur and grow rapidly in early summer, when the height of sprouting branches reaches 1.0-1.2m. After the heart is removed, the sprouting branches should be fixed on the iron wire.

Remove dead branches after fruit: generally in July and August (different varieties are different), remove the sprouting branches and side branches from the roots, and remove the dead branches from the BlackBerry orchard.

Winter plastic pruning: from early December to early February. The main points of pruning are as follows: (1), cut off dead branches and harmful branches of diseases and insect pests; (2) remove thin and weak branches and over-dense branches; (3) truncate the remaining strong and substantial branches; (4) tie the pruned branches evenly to the wire. Generally, there are 8-12 sturdy branches per plant, with an average length of 100~120cm.

Kidnapping: immediately after plastic surgery and pruning, the branches should be tied to the wire. Each branch needs to be scattered, and multiple branches must not be tied together.

6.6 Fruit harvest

BlackBerry berries have different ripening periods and should be harvested in batches, usually once every 2 to 3 days. The most prominent feature of BlackBerry fruit ripening is that the berry surface is colored. The fruit surface changes from green to red at first, and finally to black and shiny. The harvest of blackberries depends on the use, transportation distance and conditions, and is usually sold as fresh fruit in well-done; it can be harvested in medium well when it is transported a long distance or when canned; and when the fruit is fully ripe when it is used to process wine, fruit juice and jam.