How to cultivate BlackBerry efficiently

BlackBerry is native to North America and belongs to the perennial vine of Rosaceae. Its fruit is juicy, tender, translucent and purple-black. Its nutritional value is far higher than that of apples, oranges and grapes. It is the third generation of new fruit with the most rapid development in the world in recent years. It has high development value. The efficient cultivation techniques are as follows:

Garden construction: BlackBerry does not have strict requirements on soil, and generally chooses good drainage and fertile soil to build a garden. It can be planted in strips with a row spacing of 1.0 × 1.2 m × 1.8 × 2.0 m, with a suitable north-south direction and 330 plants per mu. The planting time is generally before the land is frozen after the fallen leaves of the plant in autumn or before the plant sprouts after the earth is frozen in early spring. Before planting, a planting ditch with a width and depth of 50 cm was dug according to the row spacing, the bottom of the ditch was backfilled with raw soil and broken grass, and the upper part of the ditch was filled with mixed soil and ring fertilizer. 2500 kg ~ 3500 kg of high quality ring fertilizer and 40 kg of compound fertilizer are applied per mu. Before planting, the root system was dipped in 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mud.

Fertilizer and water management: organic fertilizer is applied in combination with ploughing in winter, general cake fertilizer 0.5 kg ~ 1.0 kg per plant, high quality barnyard manure 10 kg ~ 15 kg per plant. Topdressing was carried out twice before flowering (mid-May) and fruit expansion period (mid-June), usually with compound fertilizer of 50g ~ 75g per plant. BlackBerry is a shallow-rooted plant, which requires a lot of water and is not tolerant to drought. But it is also afraid of stagnant water, in case of continuous rain should be eliminated in time.

Intertillage weeding: in the first year of BlackBerry planting, the plant is relatively small. In order to ensure the good growth of seedlings, intertillage weeding needs 3 ~ 4 times, and the number of intertillage in the second year should depend on the occurrence of weeds. Full ploughing should be done in winter.

Scaffolding: BlackBerry is a semi-erect variety and needs to be cultivated. Along the planting line, a cement column or wooden column is erected every 5 ~ 6 meters, and the pillar is buried in the soil of 0.5 ~ 0.7 meters, leaving a height of 1.0 ~ 1.8 meters on the ground, pulling 2 or 3 iron wires on the pillars, and driving ground piles at both ends to tighten the fixed iron wires.

Shaping and pruning: after planting, when the seedlings germinate, leaving two vigorous new shoots hanging upward, the rest of the new shoots are erased from the stem, the new shoots will form two main branches, and the next year, two new growing shoots will be left to form two secondary dry branches. When the primary and secondary trunk branches grow to 60 cm, they begin to leave secondary shoots to form lateral branches, and when the primary and secondary trunk grows to 1.0 m ~ 1.5 m, they are topped, and the secondary shoots generally leave 4 ~ 7 leaves to take off the top. In winter, before entering the freezing, the senescent trunk branches are cut off from the base, and the diseased insects, thin and overdense branches are cut off, and the next year, the dry branches are left again. Generally, there are 5 ~ 8 lateral branches per trunk branch, and the number of buds per plant is about 400.

Pest control: BlackBerry has strong resistance. Pests include longicorn beetles, grubs, beetles, and so on. Only root rot is found in the disease, and the rate of harmful plants is less than 5%. The BlackBerry orchard built for 2 to 3 years generally does not require pesticide control.

Harvest and yield: in early July, the fruit changed from red to purple, and the texture changed from hard to soft, which indicated that it was ripe and could be harvested. The fruit ripens one after another, and the ripening time lasts about 20 days, so it should be harvested in batches.

This variety can hang fruit when it is planted in that year, and the yield can reach 5500 kg / ha in the second year. In 1998, the yield of 3-year-old plants reached 21352.5 kg / ha. The yield is good, and the income per mu can reach more than 15000 yuan in the full fruit period.