Cultivation of American BlackBerry in greenhouse

American BlackBerry, commonly known as "BlackBerry", is a perennial rattan fresh fruit of the genus BlackBerry of Rosaceae. Native to North America, it is the third generation of new fruit.

The main contents are as follows: 1. The structure of the greenhouse: the greenhouse faces south and its length is east-west. The north wall and gable are made of billet, and the thickness of the wall is 08m. The skeleton is made of cement columns and bamboo poles. The length of the shed is 60m, the width is 10m, and the roof is 3m high. The film used in the greenhouse is non-dripping film.

2. Planting and erection methods:

(1) colonization. It was planted in strips in the north-south direction with a row spacing of lm × 1.6m, that is, 420 plants were planted in 667m2. The planting time is from November to December or from March to April. Before planting, the planting ditch of wide 50cm and long 60cm was dug according to the row spacing, and 4000 tons of high quality soil fertilizer and compound fertilizer 50kg were applied in the ditch. Choose high-quality strong seedlings with more developed roots when planting.

(2) to set up a fight. After planting, a cement column is erected every 5m along the planting row, and 2 or 3 iron wires are drawn on the pillar, and the distance between each wire is 30~40cm.

3. Management in the shed:

(1) time of withholding shed. Timely greenhouse heat preservation is the key technology of BlackBerry cultivation. It is suitable to buckle greenhouse when the night temperature in the field drops to 8.0 ℃, when the flower buds have differentiated and the plants have not yet entered dormancy.

(2) Fertilizer, water and humidity management. Adequate base fertilizer should be applied before withholding the shed, 667 square meters of high-quality soil fertilizer 3000kg 50% potassium sulfate, phosphorus 47% nitrogen 19% diammonium phosphate each 30kg. Topdressing was carried out twice before flowering and during the fruit expansion period, and the compound fertilizer 50~75g/ plant was generally used. From 7 to 10 days before flowering, foliar fertilizer was sprayed every 10 to 15 days, followed by urea (300 times liquid), amino acid compound fertilizer (300 times liquid), photosynthetic micro fertilizer (500 times liquid), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (300 times liquid) and so on.

There were 3 times of watering, which were carried out after the shed, before flowering and during the fruit expansion period. The relative humidity in the greenhouse should be 70%-80% before flowering; when the temperature is low, water can be sprayed on the branches to facilitate the growth of new shoots; the flowering and fruiting period should be about 60%, which is beneficial to pollination and fruiting; and the period from fruiting to harvest should be 60%-70%. If the humidity is too high, you can release air every morning for 1-2 hours to reduce humidity, or cover with plastic film to reduce soil moisture evaporation to the greenhouse.

(3) temperature control. The temperature control of BlackBerry from the withholding shed to the end of harvest can be divided into four periods:

① buckled the shed to the bud germination stage, closed the shed within 4-5 days, covered the straw curtain day and night, then rolled up the shed and covered the straw curtain at about 8 am every day, and then covered it at 3 pm every day.

During the period from sprouting to flowering of ②, the daytime temperature in the greenhouse should not exceed 20 ℃ and the night temperature should be kept at 4: 10 ℃.

During the period from ③ flowering to berry expansion, the daytime temperature in the greenhouse should be adjusted to 20: 26 ℃, and the night temperature should be kept at 7-13 ℃, so as to facilitate pollination and improve fruit setting rate.

The ④ berry expanded to the end of harvest, the daytime temperature in the shed should be kept at 25: 32 ℃, the night temperature should be kept at 10: 16 ℃, and the temperature difference between day and night should be controlled at more than 10 ℃ to facilitate berry expansion, coloring and increase sugar content. In the ② ~ ④ period, if the temperature in the shed is too high, the ventilation window can be opened to cool down; if the temperature falls to the lower limit of the suitable temperature, the ventilation window should be closed in time, or even covered with grass curtains. In case of continuous rain and cloudy days, measures can be taken to increase temperature and keep warm in the shed.

(4) shaping and pruning. After planting, the seedlings began to germinate in spring, leaving 3-4 vigorous new shoots at the base and hanging upward on the iron wire of the post, and the rest of the new shoots were cut off from the base of the stem to form 3-4 trunk branches. After buckling the shed, 2 or 3 new shoots were also left to form 2 or 3 times, and the rest were cut off from the base of the stem. When the principal and secondary principal arrived at 60cm, they began to leave auxiliary shoots to form lateral branches. when the primary and secondary trunk branches reached lm, they should top in time to promote the growth of secondary shoots, and the secondary shoots generally left 4-7 leaves to take off the top. In late August, there will be some diseases and insect pests and weak skills. Cut off through secret techniques; after buckling the shed, cut off the dead branches and senescent branches from the base of the primary and secondary branches. Generally, there are 3 main trunk branches, 2 secondary trunk branches, 4 lateral branches and 450 buds per plant.

(5) harvest. In the greenhouse, the temperature in the middle range is higher, the berry ripens earlier, the temperature in the peripheral 2m range is lower, and the berry ripens later. The berry ripening period in the greenhouse begins in late March and ends in late April and lasts for 30-40 days, so it should be harvested in batches, usually once every 5-6 days.