Planting pear trees, pulling branches to promote early fruiting and high yield

Through the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, fruit trees in Hechuan City of Chongqing have made great progress. At present, 32000 mu and 3.5 million trees of Huanghua pear, Zaomei crisp pear, Fengshui pear and Cangxi pear have been planted in the city. in order to make pear trees of high quality, early fruiting and early high yield, in addition to strengthening fertilizer and water management and pest control, they have put forward that branch pulling is an important technical measure. Brother units can also learn from this measure.

Planting pear trees, pulling branches to promote early fruiting and high yield

First, the function of pulling branches: drawing branches can promote pear trees to shoot early and shoot more; it can make young trees form a crown earlier; it can make full use of space and light energy; it can inhibit tree vegetative growth and turn to reproductive growth as soon as possible, so as to achieve the goal of early fruiting and high yield.

Second, the time to pull branches: pear trees can pull branches after the leaves have fallen in autumn and before sprouting in the following spring.

The method of planting pear trees

1. One-year-old trees: for one-year-old young trees planted in that year, bend the tip of the tree from 40 to 50 centimeters on the ground surface to the middle of the row. The whole piece of soil should bend the tip of the tree in the same direction. The degree of bending should be horizontal or 80 degrees. After the rope is released in the second year, the natural curvature of the tip of the tree should be maintained at about 90 to 100 degrees, and the trunk of the young tree must remain upright.

2. Biennial tree: after pulling branches in the first year, it promotes a lot of shoots. When pulling branches in the second year, choose a strong branch tip to bend 40 cm upward from the base to the opposite direction in the first year and bend the other branches to the left and right respectively.

3. Triennial and fruiting trees: in the second year, where the branches are bent, a strong branch is left 30 to 40 centimeters upward from the base to the opposite direction of the branches in the second year, and the tips of other branches are bent to the left and right, so as to form a crown of three layers and three to five main branches. the height of the tree is generally controlled at about 2.5 meters.

For the fruiting trees of more than three years, we should first cut off the trunk, overdense branches at the base of the main branches, dry and withered branches, disease and insect branches, and still carry out the treatment of pulling branches, circling branches and taking branches for other erect vegetative branches, so as to promote early fruiting and high yield, press the tree with fruit, and control the growth of the crown.

Planting environment of pear trees

1. Temperature conditions: pear trees like temperature, need higher temperature for growth, and need a certain low temperature during dormancy. The suitable annual average temperature for Qiuzi pear, white pear and western pear is about 4-12 ℃, 7-15 ℃ for white pear and western pear, and 13-21 ℃ for sand pear.

2. Light conditions: pear trees are light-loving fruit trees, the annual sunshine is between 1600 and 1700 hours, the light compensation point of pear leaves is about 1100 lux, and the light saturation point is about 54000 lux.

3. Water conditions: pear trees require more water, the transpiration coefficient is 284-401, and the transpiration water per square meter is about 40 grams, which is less than 10 grams, which can cause injury. Qiuzi pears, white pears and western pears have poor moisture tolerance. Sand pears have strong moisture tolerance. In sandy loam, when the soil water content is 15-20%, it is suitable for root growth, and when it decreases to 12%, the root growth is inhibited.

4. Soil conditions: pear trees have strong adaptability to soil, and the sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose soil, good water permeability and water retention and low groundwater level is the most suitable. It has wide adaptability to soil acid and alkali, and the pH value can grow normally in the range of 5-8.5. PH5.8-7 is the most suitable and has strong salt and alkali tolerance. When the soil salt content is less than 0.2%, the soil salt content grows normally and exceeds 0.3%. The root growth was damaged and the growth was obviously poor.

Establishment of Pear Orchard

The main results are as follows: 1. Garden selection: choose the place where the transportation is convenient, the positive direction is better, and the garden is far away from the cypress. The pear has strong adaptability to the soil, but the slightly acidic sandy loam with deep and fertile soil, strong water and fertility conservation and ph value of 6Mel 6.5 is the best.

2. Orchard soil improvement: because the pear root system is shallow and the fibrous root is well developed, the soil should be improved by digging a planting pit of 0.6 meters in length, width and depth, and applying base fertilizer to improve the air permeability and fertility of the soil. For flat or clayey soil, drainage ditches 40 cm wide and 50 cm deep should be opened every 4 rows.

3. Seedling planting

① seedling raising: the rootstock is mainly du pear and pear pear, and the rootstock grows slowly in the early stage of seedling, but the thickness of rootstock should be at least 0.6cm when budding in the same year. In production, measures such as frequently applying fertilizer and water, coring and spraying 50/1000000 gibberellin solution can be taken in production to accelerate the thickening of rootstock seedlings so as to increase the grafting rate.

② planting: it is appropriate for seedlings to be planted in autumn after defoliation, the survival rate of autumn seedlings is high, the slow seedling period is short, the growth is exuberant in the second year, in case of winter drought and lack of water, it is appropriate to plant in spring, choose strong growth, trunk end straight, height more than 80 cm, shaping seedlings with more than 8 full buds, cut off the main root to distribute the root system evenly, put it into the pit, press the soil to cover the root neck, irrigate the root water, and continue watering if it is in drought after planting. The planting density varies according to the size of the crown.

Pear trees are widely planted in the north of our country. Before planting fruit trees, we must first understand its growth habits. Only in a suitable environment can we produce rich fruit. Although there are many planting methods, these external conditions are also very important.