Improvement methods of planting pear trees

For pear trees with poor quality and low yield, the original plants are usually cut down. The method of planting improved varieties and strong seedlings for renewal will not be put into production until five years later. If the technique of high grafting and replacement is adopted, the original tree skeleton can be used to form a tree crown quickly, which can produce about 60 kg in the next year, about 170 kg in the third year, and increase production year by year in the following years. The key points of its high connection technology are introduced as follows for reference.

1. Grafting time young and young low-yield and low-quality trees can be high-grafted; low-yield and low-quality trees with aging and serious diseases and insect pests are not suitable for high grafting and replacement, cutting and planting seedlings should be renewed. The replacement of high grafting can be carried out in spring and autumn, and the grafting is better in March-April and August-September, because the scion bud is fat and full, and the sap flow is exuberant; the meristem is active, the healing tissue is formed quickly, the survival rate is high, and the scion grows fast. The suitable temperature for grafting is 20Mel 26 ℃, so it is suitable for grafting in sunny day and cloudy day.

two。 Scion collection should select plants with suitable local climate and site conditions, strong growth, no diseases and insect pests, abundant fruit and good quality as spike mother trees. It is required that the scions should be grafted immediately. The annual developing branches or fruiting branches of the sunny buds in the outer middle of the crown of the mother tree were cut as scions. The scion should be removed from the leaves to retain the petiole, tied into a small handle, the base is covered with wet toilet paper to moisturize, transportation and grafting should be protected from the wind and sun.

3. The selection and retention of the rootstock requires that the original skeleton and the main branch tip should be fully utilized. The selected rootstock should be long in the main branch and short in the lateral branch. Generally, the rootstock should be cut off at the branch tip diameter of about 5 cm. There are 30 rootstocks for young trees, 60 rootstocks for young trees and 60 rootstocks for adult trees. The cross section of the rootstock should not be too large to facilitate the healing of the incision and the early formation of the crown.

4. There are many methods for high grafting of pear trees, including subcutaneous grafting in spring and bud grafting in autumn. Under the skin, cut a long slope of about 8 cm at the lower end of the scion, cut two short slopes of about 0.6 cm at the back (to make it arrowhead), and leave 5 buds at the upper end to cut; then cut the anvil and flatten its cross section, cut a notch equal to the cutting surface of the scion on its smooth side, deep into the cambium. Pick the incision cortex of the anvil, insert the scion inward between the xylem and phloem of the anvil, and finally tie the interface with plastic tape. The bud grafting operation can use the conventional "T" shape connection method, and the length of the bud should be 2ml / 3cm.

5. After management, the sprouting buds of the rootstock should be erased in time to promote the growth of the graft. The binding should be removed after the interface heals firmly, so as not to affect the growth of the graft. for the budding, cut off the anvil tip from a few 0.5 cm on the bud after sprouting. When the scion grows to 50 cm, it should be taken out of the heart and bound with a stick to avoid wind break. It is necessary to strengthen the work of weeding, tree management, pest control, fertilization and irrigation in order to promote the formation of high-yield canopy and achieve early and high yield.