Techniques for planting pear trees

Preparation before planting. Leveling the land before planting pear seedlings. If conditions permit, deep ploughing of the whole garden can be carried out before soil preparation. After soil preparation, plant spacing shall be determined according to production scheme. Generally speaking, pear planting spacing is 2-4 meters, row spacing is 4-5 meters, 33-83 seedlings per mu, but if other crops are to be interplanted between rows, the row spacing can be extended to 6-7 meters. In addition, in order to obtain early high yield and realize high efficiency cultivation, dwarfing and dense planting can be carried out in early production. The row spacing commonly used in dwarfing and dense planting is 1.5 m ×1 m, 2 m ×1.5 m or 3 m ×2 m. After the row spacing is determined, the planting hole or planting ditch shall be excavated accordingly. The planting hole shall be 80 cubic centimeters in size (i.e. 80 centimeters in length, width and depth respectively), and the planting ditch shall be 80 centimeters in depth and 80 centimeters in width. Digging planting holes or planting ditches is beneficial to the root growth of pear seedlings.

2. Planting time. The planting time of pear seedlings can be divided into autumn planting and spring planting. Autumn planting is better in middle and late November in East China and south China. In this way, before germination in spring next year, the roots have healed and new roots have emerged. The seedling growth time is short and the seedlings grow fast. In the north, because the winter temperature is too low, the soil is deeply frozen, which is not conducive to the survival of seedlings, so spring planting is generally adopted. Generally speaking, pear seedlings have strong rooting ability and high survival rate.

3. Planting methods. When planting pear seedlings, the basal fertilizer should be mixed with a part of soil and filled into the planting hole or planting ditch. If conditions permit, some straw, straw and other materials can be filled in the bottom layer of the planting hole or planting ditch before applying the basal fertilizer to increase the soil permeability and water permeability. After the basal fertilizer is filled, fill the planting hole or planting ditch to the position close to the ground surface, finally put the pear seedling into the hole to cover the soil, pay attention to the root of the seedling to spread out, and can not directly contact with the fertilizer, otherwise it is easy to cause the phenomenon of burning the seedling, lift the seedling lightly when the soil is covered to a certain height, so that the gap where the small soil particles leak into the root is fully contacted with the root system, fully irrigate after the compaction, and then cover a layer of soil to preserve the moisture.

4. Pollinating tree field configuration. Most pear varieties have low self-pollination fruit setting rate or can not bear fruit, so it is generally necessary to configure pollination variety trees. Pollinated varieties should have the following characteristics: more pollen, basically the same flowering period as the main planting varieties or 1-2 days earlier, and can pollinate with the main planting varieties and have strong affinity. Meanwhile, the fruit economic characters of pollinated varieties should be excellent in internal and external quality and high in economic value. When pollinating variety trees, pear varieties should not be too many as pollinating trees, otherwise it is inconvenient to manage, but several pollinating varieties can be appropriately configured for large-scale pear orchards to meet the pollination needs of early, medium and late maturing varieties in pear orchards, so as to ensure that all varieties can obtain high quality and high yield. In general, the ratio of pollinated varieties to main varieties is 1:1 to 1:4. The method of inter-row configuration or proper intra-row configuration can be adopted.