Control of main Diseases and insect pests in planting Cherry

Cherry brown rot

It is mainly harmful to flowers and fruits, causing flower rot and fruit rot, and in the early stage, the flower organ gradually changes brown until it dries up; in the later stage, a layer of grayish brown powder is formed in the disease part, which begins to occur 10 days after falling flowers, and small light brown spots are formed on the fruit surface, and small light brown spots are formed on the fruit face. gradually popularize to black-brown disease spots, young fruit is not soft rot, mature fruit disease, the initial production of light brown spots on the fruit surface, rapid promotion, causing soft rot of the whole fruit.

Prevention and control measures: 1) clean orchard, clean and burn fallen leaves and fruits; 2) reasonable pruning, so that the crown has good ventilation and light transmission conditions; 3) spray 3-degree 5-degree stone-sulfur mixture before germination; 4) spray once every 10-15 days in the growing season, a total of 4 times 6 times, the medicament can be sprayed with 240 times Bordeaux solution or 77% carbendan 500 times solution.

Cherry gum disease

The main damage to the trunk and main branches of cherries usually begins when the sap flows in spring. At the initial stage, the branches or wounds of the branches swell, the yellow-and-white translucent slime flows out, and the cortex and xylem become brown and rotten, resulting in the weakening of the tree and the death of the branches in severe cases. The cause of the disease is that it is caused by branch disease, insect pest, frost injury and mechanical injury, and the other is caused by excessive pruning, improper fertilization, too much water, bad soil physical and chemical properties and so on.

Prevention and control measures: 1) increase the application of organic fertilizer, strengthen the tree potential, prevent drought, waterlogging and freezing damage; 2) do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests to avoid causing too many wounds; 3) winter shearing is best carried out before the flow of tree sap. In summer, try to reduce the larger saw cut; 4) if gum disease is found, it should be scraped off in time and then protected by medicine. The commonly used medicaments include 1 part of 50% methamphetamine, 5 parts of 50% suspended sulfur and 10 parts of quicklime, 1 part of stone-sulfur mixture, 2 parts of salt and 0.3 parts of vegetable oil.

Cherry leaf spot

The disease is mainly harmful to leaves, petioles and fruits. At the initial stage of the disease, purple or brown necrotic spots were produced between the veins on the front of the leaves, and pink mildew was formed on the back of the spots. In the later stage, with the expansion of the spots, the combination of several spots withered most of the leaves. Sometimes the leaf also forms the perforation phenomenon, causes the leaf to fall off early, the leaf generally begins to attack in May, the disease is serious in the high temperature and rainy season from July to August.

Control measures: 1) strengthen cultivation, enhance tree potential, improve tree disease resistance; 2) remove diseased branches and leaves, burn them or bury them deeply; 3) spray 3% 5 degree stone-sulfur mixture before germination; 4) spray 70% mancozeb 600 times or 75% chlorothalonil 500 times 600 times once every 10 days, once every 14 days.

Cherry gall aphid

The eggs overwintered on the young cherry shoots, and the eggs hatched into a dry mother when they germinated in spring. At the end of March, the dry mother formed peanut shell-shaped pseudogall at the lateral edge of the leaf tip, and developed, damaged and reproduced in the gall. The affected leaf was sunken on the back, the leaf surface protruded in the vesicular gall, and the gall grew 2~4cm, which was reddish at first and then turned yellow. At the end of April, the parthenogenetic aphid appeared and migrated outward. Sexual aphids are produced in the middle and last ten days of October and lay eggs on young branches to survive the winter.

Prevention and control measures:

1) for orchards with small occurrence, galls can be removed manually.

2) in early March, 2000 times of omethoate or 50 phoxim emulsion was sprayed after the eggs of gall aphids hatched and before gall formation, and the above agents could also be sprayed when the aphids appeared in October.

Fine seedling perforation of cherry

The disease was mainly harmful to leaves, which began to produce small light brown spots in the shape of translucent water stains, and gradually expanded to irregular dark brown disease spots with yellow halo rings around them, and finally the disease spots dried up and fell off to form perforation. It occurred from May to deciduous stage, and the heaviest one was from August to September.

Control measures: basically the same as cherry leaf spot, in addition, 65% Dyson zinc 500 times solution can be sprayed in 5% 6 parts.

Cherry insect pest-Spiraea chrysanthemum aphid

There are more than 10 generations a year, mainly overwintering with eggs next to cherry branch buds or bark cracks, and the eggs begin to hatch when they sprout in the first and middle April of the following year. The newly hatched aphids cluster on the back of the leaves, and the wingless female aphids are produced in about 10 days. The temperature increases from June to July, and the population density increases rapidly, causing serious damage. The number of aphids began to decrease from August to September, and sexual aphids began to be produced in October. Male and female mating laid eggs and overwintered with eggs.

Control measures: 1) before leaf expansion, when the hatching of overwintering eggs is basically finished, spray 1500002000 times of 40% dimethoate or 70% aphid wettable powder; 2) in the first ten days of May, the aphids are dried, such as rough bark, scrape off the rough bark first, scrape to slightly white; commonly used internal inhalers have 40% dimethoate EC, or 50% monocrotophos EC 2-fold 3 times, in the middle of the trunk with a brush coated into a 6cm ring. If there are more aphids, one more time can be applied to the original site after 10 days. 3) Natural enemies such as predatory ladybugs and lacewings can be reared artificially under conditions.

Cherry insect pest-boat caterpillar

It occurs one generation a year, overwintering as pupa in the soil layer of the root of the tree, Eclosion adults from early July to mid-August in the second year, day and night, strong phototaxis, and eggs mostly laid on the back of the leaves. The larvae before the 3rd instar are harmful to the back of the leaves, sooner or later and at night. The resting larvae are arranged neatly along the edge of the leaves, the head and tail are warped up, and if they are in case of vibration, they are spun and drooped in groups. In September, the larvae mature and pupate and survive the winter.

Prevention and control measures: 1) combined with autumn ploughing or spring ploughing, the overwintering pupae were exposed to the ground and died; 2) the branches and leaves with insect clusters were removed manually by making use of the cluster feeding and frightened sagging habits before the 3rd instar; 3) 1000 times of Fenitrothion EC or 2000 times of 20% fenitrothion EC could be sprayed during the damage period.

Control of cherry mulberry scale in greenhouse

Mulberry white scale is an important pest on cherry, which causes tree weakness and even death when the damage is serious. Due to the change of microclimate in greenhouse, the occurrence regularity of mulberry scale has also changed in recent years. For this reason, the occurrence regularity of mulberry white scale was preliminarily observed, and the experiment of chemical control was carried out in order to determine the best period, type and concentration of insecticides to control mulberry white scale.

1. Contents of the investigation and prevention and control tests:

1. Investigation of the occurrence pattern.

The occurrence periods of each generation and insect state of cherry mulberry scale in greenhouse were observed and investigated.

two。 Chemical control experiment.

Test agents: 30% wax scale Ling emulsion (produced by Fushan Chemical Plant in Yantai City), 40% quick killing emulsion (produced by Novartis Company in Switzerland), 48% Lesbon emulsion (produced by Dow Yinong Company in the United States), stone sulfur mixture (self-made).

Test methods: the control experiment of overwintering female adults was divided into 5 treatments: 30% wax scale Ling 800x, 1000 times, 40% speed culling 1500 times, stone sulfur mixture and clear water control. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, each repeated 3 plants, randomized block arrangement. The female adults were sprayed with Gongnong 26 sprayer at the beginning of active stage.

In the first generation nymph control experiment, 30% wax scale Ling 800x, 1000 times, 40% speed culling 1500 times, 48% Lexben 1000 times, 1500 times and clear water control 6 treatments were repeated 3 times per treatment, 3 plants per repeat, and arranged in random blocks. The first generation nymph was sprayed with Gongnong 26 sprayer.

Drug efficacy investigation and calculation method: the efficacy of overwintering female adults was investigated 15 days and 30 days after spraying, the wax shell was removed with a needle, and the number of live insects and dead insects were recorded to correct the death rate. In the first generation nymph drug survey, the population base was investigated before spraying, and the number of residual live insects was investigated 4 days and 10 days after the drug, in order to correct the reduction rate of the population to indicate the control effect.

Second, results and analysis:

1. The pattern of occurrence.

According to the investigation, the mulberry white scale has two generations a year in the greenhouse. The overwintering fertilized female adults began to be active in mid-late February and began to lay eggs in late March. The nymphs of the first generation began to hatch in early April, entered the peak period of hatching and climbed out of the shell in the middle of April, began to fix damage in early May, reached the peak of Eclosion at the end of May and the beginning of June, began to spawn in the middle of June, and spawned in late June. The second generation of nymphs began to hatch in late June, entered the peak incubation period in early July, fixed damage in the middle of July, and began to Eclosion in late July.

two。 Chemical control experiment.

The results showed that the control effect of 30% wax scale Ling and stone sulfur mixture on overwintering female adults of mulberry white scale was very low, and the control effect reached 80.08% after 30 days.

The results of the first generation nymph control experiment showed that 4 days after the treatment, the control effects of 1000 times and 800x solution were 96.57% and 88.98%, respectively, and the control effects were 96.81% and 95.60% with 48% Lesben 1000 times and 1500 times, respectively. 10 days after treatment, the control effects of 30% wax scale Ling and 48% Lesben were all above 95%, and 40% of them were still 100%.

3. Summary:

The occurrence of each generation and insect state of cherry mulberry scale cultivated in greenhouse was one month earlier than that in open field. The overwintering female adults began to move in mid-late February, and the spread period of the first generation nymph was in the first and middle of April.

Chemical control should pay attention to two key periods: 1. After buckling the shed, the cherry was culled with 1500 times liquid to control the overwintering female adults before flowering. 2. During the spreading period of the first generation nymph in the first and middle of April (that is, from egg hatching to nymph fixation), spraying 48% Lesben 1500 times liquid or 30% wax scale Ling 1000 times liquid can control the harm of mulberry white scale. In this period, the nymph body surface has not secreted wax powder to form a wax shell, pesticides are easy to contact with the insect body, and the nymph resistance is low, during this period, the use of medicine can significantly improve the control effect, which is the best time to control mulberry scale. As 40% quick culling is a highly toxic pesticide with a long residual period and near fruit ripening, it is not suitable for use.

Spraying the second generation nymph in the first ten days of July after the shed was opened, the type and concentration of the insecticide used were the same as above, and the control effect could be improved by cutting off the multi-insect branches or brushing off the overwintering insects on the branches.

Main pests of cherry in greenhouse

Red-necked longicorn beetles

The main results are as follows: 1. The newly hatched larvae eat food under the skin of the branches, and the wormholes are arranged neatly. In the second year, the older larvae went deep into the xylem and formed pores, and excreted sawdust-like reddish-brown insects from the worms.

2. Prevention and control (1) during the period of artificial prevention and control of small larvae under the skin, insect feces are found, that is, they are artificially dug up, or 80% dichlorvos EC 800 times, or 50% phoxim EC 500 solution is injected with animal syringes, and then killed with mud blocking drugs. In addition, adults can be artificially killed. (2) before preventing and controlling adult Eclosion, brush the branches with white coating made of 10 parts of quicklime, 1 part of sulfur and 40 parts of water to prevent adults from spawning.

Second, the golden edge Jiding worm

The main results are as follows: 1. The newly hatched larvae do harm in the old cortex of the branches at first, then grow up with the larvae, and feed deeply between the cambium and xylem. The injured trees flow gum, and in serious cases, the whole plant dies.

2. Control (1) adults are killed on trees artificially every 2-3 days during the occurrence of adults. (2) the larvae are used to prevent and cure the larvae in the branches. (3) strengthen the protection of branches and stems to prevent mechanical wounds, avoid and reduce adult oviposition. (4) to remove the senile trees, the senile trees that have lost the ability to bear fruit should be removed.

Third, the apple winged moth

The main results are as follows: 1. After the harmful larvae hatch, they eat under the skin of the branches and cause glue flow.

2. Control (1) before artificial control of fallen leaves after germination during dormant period, when reddish-brown feces were found on the branches, the larvae were dug up manually. (2) before and after sprouting, when there are red feces on the branches, apply 5 times dichlorvos solution with cotton wool or brush to kill larvae. (3) spraying 2000 times of 30% Taoxiaoling EC during the occurrence of adults.

4. Mulberry white scale

The main results are as follows: 1. most of the damage is fed on the branches of nymphs and female adults, and the damage of 2-3-year-old branches is the most serious, and the injured part is slightly sunken.

2. Control (1) artificial control of dormant period in winter, artificial scraping of bark to eliminate overwintering female adults. (2) during the dormant period, spray 5% anthracene oil emulsion or 5 Baomedo stone sulfur mixture in the budding stage. (3) spraying 2000 times of 50% parathion EC, or 1000 times of 50% dichlorvos EC, or 3000 times of 2.5% Kungfu EC during the peak incubation period of each generation of nymphs. (4) Biological control of small black lady beetles is an important natural enemy and should be protected and utilized.

5. Korean ball scale

The main results are as follows: 1. harmful nymphs and female adults suck sap on branches and leaves, affecting flowering, fruit setting and tree development.

2. Control (1) when the dormant period is about to sprout, spray 5-Baomedushi-sulfur mixture once to kill nymphs. (2) spraying 1500 times EC of 30% mites during the peak period of nymph occurrence.

6. Ceroplastes

The main results are as follows: 1. The harmful nymphs gather to harm the twigs, buds and leaves, and in serious cases, the fruit is also harmed, and the tree potential is underdeveloped.

2. Control (1) during the dormant period, at the beginning of February, the trunk was smeared with 10 cm wide armyworm glue ring. Poison the tree nymph. Dig and kill oocysts in the soil around the tree trunk. (2) spraying 20% peach Xiaoling EC 2000 times in nymph stage.

7. Big gray weevil

The main results are as follows: 1. The harmful adults harm the new buds and tender leaves of seedlings, and the young buds and young leaves of newly planted young trees are hatched and drilled into the soil to feed on the root tissue.

2. Prevention and control (1) artificial control and artificial capture during the occurrence period of adults. (2) artificial prevention and control of seedlings before germination, cover a plastic film tube on the seedling shaping belt, the opening is facing down, and the upper mouth is tied tightly to prevent adults from climbing and eating.

8. Tea wing bug

1. Harmful adults and nymphs feed on the sap of leaves, shoots and fruits. The young fruit is uneven and abnormal. He was killed before ripening, and the flesh sagged and clumps.

2. Prevention and control (1) artificial control of overwintering adults. Artificial destruction of egg masses and newly hatched nymphs. (2) during the incubation period of chemical control nymphs, spray 1000 times of 50% parathion EC or 1000 times of 40% dimethoate EC or 3000 times of 20% fenvalerate EC.

9. Green bug bug

1. Damaging adults and nymphs feed on tender stems, young leaves, flowers and fruit juices. The injured leaves are prickly, and the young fruits form rust spots or hard treatment.

2. Prevention and control (1) artificial control to eliminate weeds inside and outside the orchard and eliminate overwintering eggs. (2) to control nymphs, spray 2000 times of 20% methamphetamine EC, spray 2000 times of cypermethrin EC once during the oviposition period, and kill adults and eggs.

Ten. Pear net bug

1. Injurious adults and nymphs are pierced on the back of the leaves. The leaves form pale spots; the back of the leaves is rust-yellow due to brown spots, insect droppings and fly-like black spots left by spawning.

Prevention and control (1) artificial prevention and control of rough skin cracks of scraped branches in spring, collection of broken bark of branches and burning of overwintering adults. (2) during the period of chemical control of the first generation nymphs, spray 2000 times of 50% parathion EC or 2000-2500 times of Peach Xiaoling EC.

Apple hair beetle and black velvet beetle

1. Injurious adults bite young buds, tender leaves and flower buds. After hatching, the larvae feed on the young roots in the ground.

2. Prevention and control (1) artificial prevention and control using pseudo-dead vibration to kill. (2) trap and kill by black light. (3) spraying 1000-1500 times of 50% parathion EC or 30% peach Xiaoling EC 2000 times during the occurrence of adults. Spraying should be carried out 2-3 days before flowering. (4) before adults are unearthed, apply 5% phoxim granules, 30 kg per hectare. After sowing, shallow hoe the ground.