The key Management of increasing income of planting Sesame

In order to increase the production and income of farmers, the management techniques of sesame field are summarized as follows for reference.

First, break the knot in time. Sesame seeds are often rainy and sunny after sowing, resulting in topsoil hardening and suffocating seeds, which is not conducive to seedling emergence and should be broken in time. On a sunny day after rain, when the topsoil is white, the soil is loosened by shallow soil moisture, or by direct seeding with nail teeth to break the hard crust of the surface. Break the time early, soil moisture should be good, pressure rake should be light, so as not to cause man-made lack of seedlings.

Second, check and replenish seedlings. If the emergence of sesame seeds is incomplete after sowing, measures should be taken immediately. If there is a serious shortage of seedlings, it should be replanted as soon as possible; if there is a local lack of seedlings, the same variety should be used to accelerate budding and replanting in time, so as to avoid the poor growth of late seedlings due to the concealment of large seedlings; for those with a small number of missing seedlings, they can be combined with fixed seedlings when 4-5 pairs of true leaves appear in sesame. Shovel knife is used to transplant seedlings with soil.

Third, and the time to set the seedlings. After sesame emergence and timing, sesame seedlings can save soil water and nutrients, make seedlings grow steadily, and prevent seedlings from being yellow, thin and slender due to seedling shortage, resulting in reduced yield. The first interseedling should be early, when the first pair of true leaves appeared, and then 1-2 times, when 3-4 pairs of true leaves appeared. In case of continuous overcast and rain, it is impossible to use seedlings between hoes to hoe weeds, it is necessary to take manual seedlings, surprise seedlings.

Fourth, weeding and soil cultivation in middle ploughing. Sesame grows slowly at seedling stage, and its root system is young, and it is easy to breed weeds in the field. Weeding through mid-tillage can not only eliminate weeds, but also loosen the soil, aerate and preserve soil moisture. From seedling emergence to the beginning of flowering, it is necessary to plough and weed for 3-4 times. Generally, when the first pair of true leaves appear, the first intertillage is carried out. When there are 2-3 pairs of true leaves, ploughing again. The first shallow hoe in the depth of mid-ploughing is generally enough to pierce the land, and the second deep hoe, and the following mid-ploughing should be shallow rather than deep, and special attention should be paid to not harming the roots, so that there is no hoe before the rain, and when there is a hoe after the rain, hoe when there is grass, always check and pull out the grass on the side of the plant, and stop ploughing after closing the line. The combination of mid-tillage and soil sealing is beneficial to drainage and waterlogging prevention and prevent lodging.

Fifth, scientific topdressing. According to the fertilization law of sesame, the principle of topdressing is early application of seedling fertilizer, re-application before flowering, and supplementary application at flowering stage. In the seedling stage, the fields with small and weak seedlings are generally topdressing 2-3 kg of urea per mu after fixing the seedlings. when the drought is serious, it is necessary to resist drought before topdressing or diluted with thin human feces and urine before watering. From bud to early flowering stage, combined with ploughing and soil cultivation, concentrated strip or hole application, topdressing 5-8 kg of urea per mu. Spraying 0.2% boron fertilizer and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture at flowering stage can increase the yield. Fertilizer spraying should be carried out on a sunny afternoon to avoid the influence of high temperature and dry wind, reduce the loss caused by evaporation, promote absorption and improve fertilizer efficiency.

Sixth, fighting drought and waterlogging. Sesame is very sensitive to water, that is, it is afraid of waterlogging, but also can not lack of water, too much or too little water is disadvantageous to the growth and development of sesame, or even reduce production or no harvest. It is necessary to clean the ditches in time to ensure smooth drainage and irrigation so that the rain stops the border ditches to dry.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. In order to ensure the sound development of sesame during the whole growth period, 50% carbendazim (carbendazim) 800 times solution is generally sprayed at the seedling stage or flowering stage to control sesame diseases.

Eighth, hit the top at the right time. Timely topping can inhibit the tip growth in the later stage, reduce nutrient consumption, redistribute nutrients in the plant, prolong the functional period of green leaves, in order to concentrate nutrients on grain weight and reduce empty shoots. The time of topping is usually in the middle of flowering, and the summer sesame is usually 10-20 days after the first flowering. Method: pinch off the top 1-3 cm growing point with your hands, so that the strong ones hit lightly and the weak ones hit hard. It is forbidden to beat leaves in the later stage.