Techniques of planting pomegranate in courtyard

Pomegranates green leaves, red flowers, fruit Yan, flowering time is long, fruit autumn maturity, can be harvested during the Mid-Autumn Festival, National Day, is a kind of ornamental and fruit trees. Garden cultivation can beautify the environment and has higher economic benefits. Its cultivation techniques are as follows.

1. Courtyard selection. Pomegranates are light-loving and waterlogged trees. The courtyard should have sufficient light, high terrain, loose soil and good drainage. There should not be tall and shaded objects around.

2. Planting techniques. Planting takes place after defoliation in late autumn and early winter. Variety optional local red pomegranate, fruit is small but sweet flavor. Also optional northern large fruit-shaped varieties, such as Dahongpao and so on. The cross pollination rate of pomegranate is high, and 2-3 varieties can be selected when the number of plants is large. Before planting, dig a drain in the courtyard. Then according to the plant spacing of 4×5 meters, dig a planting hole with a depth of 80 cm and a width of 80 cm, apply 5 kg organic fertilizer in the hole, mix it with the excavated topsoil evenly and fill it into the bottom of the hole, add a layer of soil to spread the root system of the seedlings in the hole, so that the root neck of the seedlings is exposed on the soil surface, gently firm the soil, and irrigate once.

3. Fertilizer and water management. Fertilization is mainly organic fertilizer, deep holes are dug in October and November to apply livestock manure, shallow holes are dug before flowering to apply human excrement, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied once during fruit expansion period, which is beneficial to fruit growth and flower bud differentiation. Digging shallow holes and applying human excrement after fruit picking is beneficial to tree storage of nutrients. Water shortage in growth period is unfavorable to growth and fruiting, and watering in time in case of drought in germination period, growth period and fruit expansion period. Continuous rainy growth period, to clean up the ditch, timely drainage, reduce soil moisture.

4. Flower and fruit management. Pomegranates have bell-shaped and barrel flowers. Bell-shaped flowers cannot bear fruit, barrel flowers can bear fruit. Pomegranates can bloom three crops from May to July, with the largest fruit set in the first crop and the smallest fruit set in the third crop. In order to ensure that the first crop flowers bear large fruits and more fruits, we should adopt: 1. Artificial pollination. collecting bell-shaped flowers in bud, taking out pollen, spreading on indoor glossy paper, turning frequently to dry anthers in shade, scattering pollen for 30-50 hours, separating pollen from pollen sac, and storing pollen in low temperature, dry and dark place for later use. When the flower buds of the first crop of barrel flowers bloom, spray pollination is carried out on the parts with more barrel flowers in the crown with 10g pollen, 5kg water, 0.25kg granulated sugar and 5g boric acid to prepare an aqueous solution. 2. Application of growth regulators. Spraying gibberellin solution of 40-80 mg/kg once respectively when the first crop and the second crop of barrel flowers are in full bloom to improve the fruit setting rate. 3. Thinning flowers and fruits. The bell-shaped flowers should be thinned out when budding, and enough when fruiting. The three barrel flowers should be thinned out except for a few for viewing.

5. Shaping and pruning. It adopts a single natural open heart shape, the trunk height is about 60 cm, the tree height is about 3 meters, the main branch is 3-5, the main branch angle is about 60 degrees, each main branch is equipped with 2 lateral branches, and the fruit branch group is attached to the main branch.

1. Winter pruning. Young trees grow vigorously, should be plastic culture backbone main branch mainly, light cut long put, use secondary branches to achieve early formation, early fruit purposes. In full fruiting period, the tree vigor should be stabilized and the fruiting branch group should be updated in time. Pomegranates have strong branches and are easy to close. Strong trees should be more sparse and less truncated. Weak trees should be appropriately truncated.

2. Summer pruning. Pomegranates sprout 2-3 branches a year, affecting ventilation and light transmission, wiping buds and thinning branches during growth period, making trees ventilated and transparent, picking healthy branches to cultivate fruit branches, thinning long branches.

VI. Disease and pest control

1. Fruit rot disease. June damage to the fruit, leading to the whole fruit rot, high temperature in rainy season serious disease. During growing season, spray 1:1:160 times Bordeaux mixture or 300 times 25% carbendazim mixture for control.

2. Cotton aphid. When the damage is serious, the photosynthesis is affected, the fruit drop is serious, and the fruit setting rate is low. Spraying Bome 3° stone sulfur mixture at germination stage can kill overwintering eggs and newly hatched larvae. Growth period found harm can spray pyrethroids pesticide 3000 times solution.

3. The thorn moth is mainly harmful, occurring 2 generations a year, damaging leaves in summer and autumn, affecting photosynthesis. The overwintering cocoons of the yellow thorn moth are picked off and buried deeply in winter, the newly hatched larvae in summer and autumn harm the leaves, the leaves are picked off and buried deeply, the newly hatched male insects in summer and autumn harm the leaves, the leaves are picked off and eliminated intensively, and the young larvae are sprayed with 1000 times of 90% trichlorfon solution for prevention and control.

4. Scales. The main species are Lagerstroemia and Tortoise wax. When harmful, it sucks sap from branches, causing tree weakness. During dormancy period, scale insects were removed manually with bristle brush. At germination stage, the branches were sprayed with Baume 3° sulfur mixture to kill overwintering insects. The nymph hatching period can be controlled by spraying 1000-fold 50% dichlorvos solution or 3000-fold dichlorvos solution.