Experience of dwarfing and dense planting of pomegranate in mountainous area

By adopting a series of dwarfing and dense planting measures, pomegranate planted in mountainous area can achieve a small amount of flowering in the second year, a yield of 415 kg per mu in the third year and 718 kg in 4 years, which is 1.3 times higher than that of traditional cultivation. Main cultivation points:

(1) Land preparation and planting

According to the site conditions, the level of management and the growth characteristics of pomegranate trees, the plant row spacing of 2 m × 3 m was selected. Turn the soil deeply before planting. Fish scale pits are dug on steep slopes; terraces on gentle slopes are built on opposite slopes with a width of 2m / m / m. When planting, dig a large pit of 1 cubic meter along the inside of the terraced field, and apply 5000 kg of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer or 60 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. Plant when the soil moisture is good in spring, plant firmly after planting, pour enough water to fix the root, and then cover the tree plate with plastic film. The dry and barren mountainous area can retain the trunk with a height of 5mm and 10cm, which can be cut off and planted to prevent water evaporation and ensure the survival rate.

(2) promoting the rapid growth and shaping of young trees

1. Shaping and pruning. After the seedlings are planted, a trunk is left in the hole, which is arranged into an open stratified shape. In the first layer, the main branch is 30 cm from the ground, all the branches and buds below the plastic band are removed, and the tufted branches sprouting in the rhizosphere are removed in time, and the angle of the main branch is made at 50 ~ 70 degrees. Properly remove upright overgrown branches, overlapping crossed branches and weak drooping branches in the tree chamber, so as to make the tree short and compact, with uniform branch tip distribution, ventilation and light transmission, and three-dimensional results.

2. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. When the seedlings are planted, the base is fully applied, and where it is not convenient to apply base fertilizer, 0.3% UV 0.5% urea solution can be sprayed outside the roots of the new shoots for a long time after planting, spraying every 10 Mel for 15 days, continuously spraying 2 Mel for 3 times. After the combination of autumn and winter, dig a 30-50 cm annular trench along the periphery of the trunk, fill it with straw and weeds, flatten the soil, improve the soil and increase the content of soil organic matter.

3. Ploughing and weeding, reasonable intercropping. Before freezing, after thawing and growing season every year, shallow ploughing of orchards is carried out with a depth of 10ml / 20cm and 3m / m / a for 5 times a year to keep the soil surface loose without weeds. Low-stalk crops such as peanuts, sweet potatoes and melons can also be intercropped between rows of fruit trees, so as to cover the surface, maintain moisture and control weeds, and increase income with short growth.

(3) Chemical crown control to promote flower bud differentiation and increase fruit setting rate.

One of the important reasons for the low yield of pomegranate is that there are many abortive flowers and low fruit setting rate. The main reason for a large number of pomegranate flower abortion is the lack of nutrition supply at flowering stage. Adopting chemical crown control to restrain the growth of new shoots can not only save nutrition and meet the needs of flower bud development, but also control the crown and stabilize it in a certain size and volume. According to the experiment, the more effective methods are as follows.

1. Paclobutrazol was used to treat soil. From defoliation to one month before sprouting in the following year (about January 20), 2-year-old trees were irrigated with the effective ingredient of paclobutrazol 0.5-1.0 grams per tree for 2 liters of water.

2. Paclobutrazol was sprayed on leaves. During the budding period of pomegranate from late April to early May, the pomegranate was sprayed with 1000Mel 1500 mg / kg paclobutrazol solution until the leaves dripped. The time should be after 4 p.m. on a sunny day or a windless day on a cloudy day. If it rains within 48 hours after spraying, it should be sprayed once.

3. Ethephon was sprayed on the leaves. The time and method were the same as that of paclobutrazol foliar spraying, and the suitable concentration was 80ml / kg.

In the above three treatments, the effect of soil application of paclobutrazol is more stable, ethephon can cause pomegranate deciduous leaves and scorched shoots, and the concentration of spraying must be strictly controlled.

(4) strong flowers and fruits

The important reason for pomegranate flowering and fruiting is insufficient nutrition supply. In addition to adopting chemical crown control, we should also re-apply strong fruit and flower protection fertilizer (0.2 kg of potassium chloride and 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer per plant in the first and middle of April). And pay attention to the control of peach borer, yellow diamondback moth, pomegranate stem window moth, early deciduous disease, anthracnose, and the following measures should be taken.

1. Artificial pollination. Within 24 hours of the first flowering of pomegranate, applying pollen with a tip of a brush or dipping it in pollen water on the pistil stigma can generally increase the fruit setting rate by 17% Murray 29%.

2. Foliar spraying fertilizer. According to the demand characteristics of mineral nutrient elements for the growth and development of pomegranate fruit, spraying 0.2% borax + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.4% urea on the leaves at full flowering stage and young fruit expansion stage can increase the yield by 17%, 37%, and increase the sugar content of the fruit and improve the fruit quality.

3. Thinning flowers and fruits. In the early stage, the excess buds were purposefully removed, only one central bud was retained in each inflorescence, and the redundant small fruits and abnormal fruits were removed, which could save nutrition and improve the fruit setting rate.

4. Fertilizing to protect fruit. In the young fruit stage, each plant applied 1 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.