Techniques of cultivating pomegranate with high quality and high yield

1. Cultivation methods

In order to facilitate soil and water conservation, it is appropriate to integrate the woodland into a horizontal ladder for planting hillside land. Planting density, such as warm climate, abundant Rain Water, deep soil layer, fine cultivation and management, should be sparse; on the contrary, it should be increased. The general planting density is 4 meters × 4 meters or 4 meters × 3 meters, with 60 plants per mu (1 mu: 667 square meters, the same below). It is better to plant in autumn, winter or defoliation in early spring, and avoid when the weather is dry. A 0.8 m × 0.8 m × 0.8 m planting hole was dug before planting, and 50 kg of farm manure and 1 kg of superphosphate were applied to each hole. When filling and fertilizing, it should be compacted layer by layer and filled into the shape of steamed bread to prevent the soil from sinking and the seedlings from sinking after planting. When planting, make the fibrous root of the seedling open around in the hole, fill the fine soil firmly, pour enough water to make the root connect closely with the soil, and then cover a layer of coarse soil in the rhizosphere to protect moisture. After planting, immediately cut the plump buds above 20ml and 30cm on the trunk to promote the sprouting of the lower buds and do a good job of setting the stem.

2. Management measures

The main results are as follows: (1) weeding and mulching young pomegranate has little growth and weak competitiveness, so it is necessary to root out weeds within 1 meter around the young tree 4 times a year after planting. If possible, green manure or appropriate intercropping of other crops can be planted in the whole garden, and the intercrop can be cut off in summer and autumn to cover the rhizosphere to prevent drought. If there is enough forage, it would be better for the whole garden to be covered with 5ml and 10cm thick. It is not necessary to eradicate all weeds in the new orchard to prevent soil erosion and drastic changes in the ecological environment. The fluctuation of temperature and humidity is too large, which is not conducive to the survival and growth of seedlings. After 1-3 years of growth management, the original planting holes have been filled by roots, so weeding should be carried out every 2 years combined with deep ploughing of the whole garden. After 3 Mel 4 times of deep turning, the soil can be loosened. Attention should be paid to irrigation in the dry season of summer and autumn.

(2) the pomegranate orchard is required to apply fertilizer more than twice a year, and the first fertilization is mainly based on organic base fertilizer, which is carried out in the autumn after fruit harvesting. The standard of fertilization is about 10 kg per mu for young trees, 30 kg for middle-aged trees and 50 kg for fruit trees. Appropriate supplementary application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The second application in early spring, mainly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer, plant application of 0.5 Ling 1 kg, in order to promote sprouting, branching, flowering and fruit.

(3) Integrated control of pomegranate diseases and insect pests include pomegranate dry rot disease, Japanese tortoise wax scale, Zhejiang pomegranate stem window moth, leopard bark moth, yellow thorn moth, towel moth, borer, peach heart borer and so on.

1) dry rot: ① chemical control. When diseases are found in summer and autumn, spray with 1000 times of 50% methyl thiophanate wettable powder or 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or spray 50 kg Bordeaux solution per mu and spray it again every 10 days. The burned or deeply buried withered plants were cut off by ②.

2) Japanese tortoise wax scale: ① chemical control. The nymphs began to hatch until the wax shell was formed with 50% carbaryl 500 mi 800 times, or 45% stone sulfur mixture 300 mi 500 times, or 50% dichlorvos EC 800 mi 1000 times, once every 7 seconds for 10 days, twice in a row. ② protects and utilizes natural enemies. There are many kinds of natural enemies of Japanese tortoise wax scale, such as parasitoids, ladybugs, lacewings, etc., which should be protected and utilized.

3) pomegranate stem window moth (also known as flower window moth): ① chemical control. During the peak incubation period, spray with 1000 times of 60% DIMA mixture EC or 1000 times of 50% DDVP EC. After the larvae eat into the branches, 400 times of dichlorvos solution can be injected into the wormhole with a syringe, or cotton balls can be dipped in wet dichlorvos solution into the wormhole and seal the wormhole door. During the growing season of pomegranate, ② often inspects branches, finds new shoots that have been killed, and cuts off the lower branch of the last faecal hole in time.

4) Leopard bark moth (also known as coffee bark moth): ① light trap. Adults have phototaxis, and black light can be installed in the pomegranate garden to trap and kill adults. ② medicament prevention and treatment. When the larvae eat into the branches, the 10-fold solution of 50% dichlorvos EC is injected into the hole, and then the hole is blocked with mud.

5) pomegranate towel moth: ① can be caught manually. ② was sprayed with 2.5% cyhalothrin EC 4000 ml 5000 times, or 50% dichlorvos EC 1000 times.

6) Spodoptera litura (commonly known as "itchy spicy seed"): if the larvae are found to be harmful, spray with 1000 times of 50% phoxim EC or 50% dichlorvos EC.

7) Peach borer (also known as peach borer): ① fruit bagging. After the pomegranate grows to the size of the thumb and falls naturally for the second time. ② was sprayed with 1000 times of 50% phoxim EC or 800 times of trichlorfon powder.

8) Peach heart borer: during the unearthed period of ① larvae (June-July), the ground around the roots was sprayed with 50% phoxim EC, and then the soil was hoed shallowly. During the fruit expansion period, ② was sprayed with 1000 times of dichlorvos EC.

(4) reasonable pruning pomegranate multi-row natural happy pruning. Generally, five strong growing branches are selected from the trunk with a height of 25m / 60cm, and the orientation distribution is uniform. The branches with a certain distance from each other (about 20m / 30cm) are pulled out as the main branches, and the long ones are properly cut or coring in time, and the redundant ones are removed. After that, on the left and right side of the main branch, every 60ml 80cm, the secondary main branch or lateral branch was selected, the other strong branches were thinned, and the weak branches and drooping branches were reserved as auxiliary branches.

The pomegranate root mark is easy to sprout and should be removed at any time, cutting off disease and insect branches, withered branches, slender branches and dense branches in winter, shortening cross branches and growing branches, etc., and adopting measures such as branch pulling, coring and ring peeling in summer to control the crown and increase the yield. pay attention not to leave too much fruit.

4. Harvest

The ripening of pomegranate fruit is inconsistent and needs to be harvested in batches. Rainy days caused by stagnant water, easy to cause decay, can not be harvested, it is best to harvest before the rain, in case of rain cracking fruit.