Propagation techniques of planting pomegranate

There are several propagation methods of pomegranate, such as sowing, cutting, root division, grafting and striping propagation, but mainly by cutting and sowing propagation.

1 Cuttage propagation

Nursery land for seedling cultivation should be selected in light soil or sandy loam with convenient transportation, irrigation and drainage, deep soil layer, loose texture, good water storage and fertility conservation. Level the ground and make a seedbed for use.

Cuttings include spring, summer and autumn. Spring should be carried out from late March to early April, and 2-year-old hard branches should be selected for cuttings. Cuttings in summer and autumn were carried out from June to July and October respectively, and the semi-lignified branches of the same year were selected.

The branches with strong, full, strong growth potential and free of diseases and insect pests were selected from the canopy of the pure and well-developed fruiting mother tree. Cut the branches into 8-15cm length, cut flat on the upper incision and cut obliquely on the lower incision. Soak the lower end of the branch in 95% industrial alcohol to remove tannins and other substances that are not conducive to the survival of cuttings. Then soak the cuttings in running water for 5-10 minutes, and then soak the lower end of the branches in GGR (green western growth regulator) 50mg/L solution for 1 hour.

The cuttings treated by cuttings were buried in the culture soil according to the row spacing of (8-10) cm × 15cm. Press the soil on both sides of the cuttings with your hands and water once.

The focus of post-planting management is to control air and soil temperature and humidity, so that the panicle does not lose water as far as possible, so that it is always in a fresh state. The main measures are shading, moisturizing and cooling. ① shading: generally, shading racks should be built before cutting, and shading nets should be covered immediately after cutting. The light transmittance of the sunshade net should be 20% and 30%. The east and west side of the seedbed should also hang curtains to block the sun in the morning and evening. ② moisturizing: set up the plastic arch shed immediately after cutting. The plastic shed can adjust the temperature and humidity of the air and soil to provide the best growing environment. In the early stage of cutting, the water consumption of panicle is less, and it is usually watered once every 7-10 days. A month later, the panicle began to take root and shoot, and the water consumption increased gradually, watering every 3-5 days. The amount of watering is determined by soil moisture and air humidity. The best growth conditions of pomegranate are as follows: the relative humidity of the air is 80% Mui 90%, and the soil moisture is kept at about 80% of the field capacity. ③ cooling: the best ground temperature should be kept at 20-25 ℃. In case of high temperature, it must be cooled down. There are three measures to cool down: first, shading, second, ventilation, and third, watering. In the summer high temperature sunny day at noon, in time to open the plastic shed at both ends of the ventilation cooling, 7-9 in the evening after the temperature dropped to cover strictly, in order to maintain humidity. In addition, spraying water to the panicle and watering on the plastic shed can also be used to reduce the temperature. ④ fertilization: the principle of fertilization is: apply thin fertilizer frequently. The cuttings took root after about one month, and then 0.25% urea was sprayed on the leaves every semimonthly. After 3 months of cutting, the amount of fertilizer application can be increased appropriately, watering 3% of 5% fishy water once a month (10 times the water with discarded fish offal and then sealing for more than half a year), rinsing with clean water the next day, or watering 3% rotten rapeseed cake once a month, etc. ⑤ weeding: pull out weeds in the nursery in time. It is necessary to prevent moving roots and injuring seedlings when weeding. ⑥ seedling refining: 3-4 months after planting, ventilation and light time should be properly prolonged to improve the ability of seedlings to adapt to the external environment. ⑦ transplanting seedlings: the following spring, transplantable cuttings can be planted in nurseries or flower bowls.

2 sowing and propagation

Pomegranate seeds have strong germination ability, and a large number of seedlings can be obtained by sowing and propagation. Collect seeds from August to September, pick up the mature fruit, remove the seed coat, dry it and store it, or mix the seed with river sand at 1:5 and store it.

Sow seeds from February to March. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water of 40 ℃ for 6-8 hours and wait for the seed coat to expand before sowing, so as to facilitate the seeds to germinate ahead of time. Soak the seeds on the culture soil according to the row spacing of 25cm, then cover with 1-1.5cm thick soil, cover with grass, and water once. After keeping the basin soil moist, the soil temperature can be controlled for 20-25 ℃, and buds and roots can be produced after about 1 month.

When seedling height 4cm was managed at seedling stage, seedling spacing was carried out according to 6-9cm plant spacing. After weeds were pulled out from June to July, rarefied fecal water was applied once, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was applied once in August. Anti-drought in summer and anti-freezing in winter. Transplant after falling leaves in autumn to before sprouting in the following spring.