Management after planting thick-skinned melon in greenhouse

1. Greenhouse temperature control

After planting, in the early stage, in order to increase the greenhouse temperature and promote the slow seedling, the greenhouse film should be fastened strictly, and the grass should be uncovered in time; before flowering and fruit setting, the greenhouse temperature should be kept at 25-28 ℃ during the day and 16-18 ℃ at night, and the greenhouse film should be opened for ventilation when the greenhouse temperature exceeds 28 ℃. With the growth of plants and the rise of external air temperature, the vents gradually change from small to large, and the ventilation volume from less to more. After fruit setting, the greenhouse temperature should be 28-32 ℃ in daytime, no more than 35 ℃ in daytime, and 15-18 ℃ at night. The temperature difference should be more than 13 ℃, and sufficient light should be required to facilitate sugar accumulation and improve fruit quality.

two。 Pruning and hanging seedlings

The cultivation of muskmelon in greenhouse should be pruned strictly, and vertical cultivation of hanging seedlings should be adopted. Pruning, according to the characteristics of varieties and cultivation needs, single-vine pruning or double-vine pruning. Take the champion thick-skinned melon as an example, double vine pruning is given priority to, single vine pruning is auxiliary. When pruning the single vine with the seed vine as the main vine, the heart is removed when the seedling grows to 4-5 true leaves, the robust vine is retained, and the rest of the vine is removed. When the double vines are pruned, two parallel growing vines are selected after the lateral vines grow, so as to make the fruit symmetrical and beautiful and improve the commerciality of the fruit. The method of single vine pruning can be adopted for weak seedlings to facilitate the coordinated growth of plants and improve the fruit setting rate. For hanging seedlings, nylon rope or hemp rope can be used to pull hanging vines, and the white nylon rope which is resistant to high temperature is the best. One end of the rope is fixed to the root neck of the plant, and the other end is tied to the horizontal wire of the shed roof with a live knot. With the extension of the stem, the vine is wrapped around the rope, and the tendrils on the melon vine are cut off at intervals, so as to reduce nutrient loss and promote plant growth.

3. Pollination, fruit retention, melon hanging

Artificial pollination or bee pollination can be used for pollination. Artificial pollination is in the plant reserved nodes of the female flowers open, at 8:30-10:30, with the male flowers open that day, remove the petals, the stamen pollen gently smeared on the pistil stigma, sitting melon after leaving 2 leaves to pick the heart; you can also use a brush to touch the male flowers, gently smear on the female flower stigma. The date of pollination should be marked after pollination to facilitate harvest. Honeybee pollination should keep a box of honeybees in each shed two days before flowering. Using honeybee pollination can obviously increase the fruit setting rate, reduce the occurrence of abnormal fruit, and improve the fruit quality and flavor. When the young fruit grows to the size of an egg, you should choose to retain melons. There are two ways to retain melons: single-layer melon and double-layer melon. The single-layer retained melon node is in the 9th-12th section of the main vine, while the double-layer retained melon leaves a layer of melon in the 9th-12th and 17th-21th sections of the main vine. The vegetative growth of the plant is good, which can reduce the fruit setting node position, otherwise, it will be increased properly. In general, small fruit varieties can leave 2 melons per plant per layer, while large fruit varieties can only leave 1 melon per layer. The principle of retaining melon is to select the fruit type Zhou Zheng and in line with the characteristics of the variety, and to select the post-pollinated melon with fast growth rate and the same size; the node position of the retained melon should be moderate, the lower layer of the double-layer retained melon should keep the high node position, and the upper melon should keep the low node position properly. Practice has proved that under the condition of early sowing and strong plant growth, double-layer retained melons can increase yield by 50%. Hanging melons, when young melons grow to 0.5kg, they should be hung in time. Tie the rope with a live knot to the stalk near the fruit, and lift the melon to the position level with the sitting node.

4. Fertilizer and water management

Watering should be carried out in the morning on a sunny day according to the requirements of "cold tail and warm head", so that the ground temperature rises rapidly after watering, and there is generally no watering on cloudy days or in the evening. Slow seedling water should be irrigated once 5-7 days after planting, but because the melon seedling needs less water and the ground evaporation is also small, the amount of water should be controlled. Too much water will affect the increase of ground temperature and the growth of seedlings. In the spreading stage, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied once, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied properly, urea 10-15kg and diammonium phosphate 15kg should be applied per 667m2, and then watered immediately after fertilization. Moisture should be controlled within 1 week after flowering to prevent overgrowth of plants and affect fruit setting. The expansion stage is the period when the plant needs the most fertilizer and water. 15kg of potassium sulfate and 20kg of diammonium phosphate are applied per 667m2 and applied with water. Water again every 7-10 days, depending on soil moisture. When the melon was retained in the double layer, the fertilizer could be applied for the third time during the expansion period of the upper melon, and potassium sulfate 10-20kg and diammonium phosphate 10-15kg were applied per 667m2. In addition to the application of quick-acting chemical fertilizer, rotten chicken manure and bean cake can also be applied with water during the expanding period, and 250kg can be applied per 667m2. Foliar fertilizers such as 2-3 potassium dihydrogen phosphate and compound micro-fertilizer can be sprayed on the leaves during the growing period to promote plant growth and development. Watering should be strictly controlled about 10 days before ripening, otherwise it will affect the quality and flavor of the fruit.