Techniques of off-season pollution-free cultivation of muskmelon

1. Select early and middle maturity varieties, such as Elizabeth and Siberloto, which have good flavor, wide adaptability and strong stress resistance, and the general yield per mu can reach 1500kg to 2000kg.

Second, the field with high topography and loose and fertile soil is selected as the seedbed for raising seedlings. In late November, greenhouse electric hotline hotbed was used to raise seedlings, and vegetable garden soil was used in pot soil. 500 kg of nutritious soil, 2 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 2 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg of organic fertilizer were needed for 1 mu of field, and soil and fertilizer were mixed evenly. Use a plastic bowl of 8 cm × 10 cm, each loaded with 0.5 kg of nutritious soil. Flatten the bed, distribute the hot line, distance 10 cm, install 50 ℃ thermostat, and arrange the bowl on the hot line. Soak seeds to promote sprouting before sowing, sow 1 grain per bowl, cover with mancozeb wet fine soil 1 cm thick, cover with plastic film, cover a small arch shed. Keep the bed temperature 2830 ℃ before emergence, remove plastic film when 70% of the seeds come out, and keep the bed temperature 11 ℃; remove the small arch shed after the seedlings grow true leaves, keep the bed temperature 2830 ℃ during the day and 1518 ℃ at night, and refine the seedlings 5 days before transplanting.

Third, planting sandy soil with 3 kilometers around the planting area without pollution sources, irrigating with good water quality and low groundwater level. It was planted in late December. The greenhouse was built 1-2 months before planting, ploughed twice, and 2000 kg of organic fertilizer, 100kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 25kg of ammonium phosphate were applied per mu. Hole transplanting, plant spacing 30cm, density 600,700 plants per mu, pouring enough water, flat plastic film, set up small shed, small middle shed, middle shed, cover good film.

Fourth, the field management closed the greenhouse for one week after planting, and the plants were ventilated and wet after transplanting. The temperature in the greenhouse was maintained at about 28% during the day and more than 15% at night. During the expansion period, it was kept at 30: 35 ℃ in daytime and 15: 18 ℃ at night, and the temperature difference between day and night was more than 13 ℃. During the vine extension period, 15 kg of urea was applied per mu, 50 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was applied per mu when there were eggs, and then fertilizer was applied once for each batch of melons. When the three leaves of the melon seedling are heart-plucked, when the seed vine is extended to 15 cm, leave two strong branches and remove the rest of the vine. Generally, one son leaves 2 or 3 grandvines. Pick the heart when the vine has 20 nodes, and leave a leaf to pick the heart after Sun Mian knot. After 5-10 days, pick off the diseased melon, crooked melon and split melon, leaving the long oval melon.

The main diseases and insect pests of muskmelon include anthracnose, sudden drop disease, powdery mildew, downy mildew, ground tiger, snail and so on. In accordance with the principle of "prevention first and comprehensive control", we insist on "agricultural control, biological control and physical control, supplemented by chemical control". However, it should be noted that the use of chemical pesticides is prohibited 20 days before melon harvest.

6. When harvesting Dangdang melon has the characteristics of this variety, when the hairs near the fruit stalk fall off, the top of the melon is soft, and when the leaves on the melon node are withered and yellow, cut off the melon stalk with scissors in the early morning, the fruit stalk and the vine into a "T" shape, gently handle and store in a cool place.