The method of cultivating muskmelon in greenhouse

I. selection of varieties and cultivation of strong seedlings

Varieties should be selected, such as No. 1, Honeyworld, Elizabeth, Lu Houtian 1, Lu Houtian 3, Yinling and so on.

Cultivate strong seedlings

1. The suitable sowing time in solar greenhouse is from early December to late January, the planting period is from mid-January to late February, the sowing time in Gongyuan greenhouse is from early February to late February, and the planting period is from early March to late March.

two。 Soak the seeds to promote germination, put the seeds in a container containing 55-60 ℃ warm water, stir to reduce the water temperature to about 30 ℃, soak the seeds for 3 hours, disinfect the seeds with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes, wash them with clean water, wrap them with a wet cloth, germinate under the condition of 28-30 ℃, and sow the seeds after germination.

3. Seedling raising facilities must use electric hotbed and so on to raise seedlings. The hotbed can be made in a shed with good insulation or rebuilt on the basis of sunny beds. The electric hotline power of the electric hotbed is required to reach 100,120W / m2; the fire channel hotbed should pay attention to the uniform temperature of all parts of the nursery bed; the thickness of the brewing heat material in the heating hotbed should reach 30cm to 40cm.

4. The nutrient soil was prepared with 6 parts of field soil without disease and 4 parts of fully mature ring fertilizer to form the culture soil. Then add 1 kg of superphosphate, 1.5 kg of diammonium phosphate, 80 g of carbendazim, 80 g of thiophanate methyl, 60 g of trichlorfon per cubic meter of culture soil, and cover the soil for 10 days. Then put it into a seedling bowl and spread it directly on the seedling bed to raise seedlings with nutritious soil blocks.

5. 4-5 days before sowing, arrange nutrition bowls on the seedbed, pour water, then cover with plastic film, add a small arch shed on top, and heat up ahead of time. The seeds can only be sown when the local temperature is more than 15 ℃. Sow 1 germinated seed on each nutrition bowl or soil clod with a thickness of 1 to 1.5 cm.

6. The seedling stage was managed to cover the plastic film after sowing, the seedling bed was covered with a small arch shed, and the plastic film was removed after emergence. For the management of temperature at seedling stage, the bed temperature should be kept at 2832 ℃ during the day and 1720 ℃ at night before emergence. The small arch shed and plastic film should be covered strictly. After emergence, the bed temperature dropped to 22: 25 ℃ in daytime and 15: 17 ℃ at night. In other periods, the daytime bed temperature was 17-19 ℃. The soil temperature was kept at 13-25 ℃ at seedling stage. After emergence, the small arch shed can be covered only at night and sprinkled with dry soil or plant ash to control the humidity of the seedbed. In the event of a fall, you can choose 1000 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 64% trichlorothalonium M8, 65% Dysenamium powder, 50% methyl Topnao, 50% carbendazim powder for spraying or root irrigation. When there are weeds, ground tigers and other damage, timely sprinkle poison bait, you can use 40% phoxim 50 times liquid to mix fried wheat bran, sprinkle around the seedbed.

II. Planting methods

1. During the planting period, the suitable seedling age for raising muskmelon seedlings in hotbed is 30-35 days, one leaf and one heart. At the time of planting, the ground temperature of 10 cm in the facility was stable at 15 ℃.

two。 10-15 days before the application of basic fertilizer and ridge planting, the soil moisture was made by watering in the shed, raking and leveling. The grass should cover day and night to raise the temperature in the shed. Combined with 667 square meters of rotten ring fertilizer, 2000 kg of rotten chicken manure, 50 kg of calcium superphosphate, 80 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (or 50 kg of diammonium phosphate and 30 kg of potassium sulfate). The saddle-shaped ridges are made according to the unequal line spacing of 60cm to 70cm and 80cm to 90cm. Wide ridges and furrows should be deep and narrow ridges should be shallow. The height from the bottom of the wide ridge to the ridge surface is 25cm 30 cm, and the height from the bottom of the narrow ridge to the ridge surface is 15 cm. The greenhouse or greenhouse, which used to be a melon vegetable, can disinfect the soil with 1.5 kg of dimethazone for every 677 square meters at the bottom of the ridge.

3. Planting should be carried out in the morning on a sunny day. Ditching on the ridge, first watering, then planting seedlings according to the distance of 45cm to 55cm, covering soil, planting depth without burying cotyledons, 15001800 plants per 667m2 of large fruit type varieties and about 2000 plants of small fruit type varieties per 667m2. After planting, cover the strict film, in order to improve the indoor air temperature and ground temperature.

Third, temperature management and pruning and hanging vines

After temperature management and planting, the temperature in the greenhouse was maintained at about 30 ℃ during the day and 17: 20 ℃ at night, so as to slow down the seedlings. Before flowering and setting melon, the indoor temperature in the greenhouse is 25: 28 ℃ during the day and 15: 18 ℃ at night. Ventilation should be carried out when the indoor temperature exceeds 30 ℃. After sitting on the melon, the indoor temperature in the shed during the day is 2832 ℃. No more than 35 ℃, 15: 18 ℃ at night, maintain a temperature difference of more than 13 ℃ between day and night, and sufficient light is required to facilitate fruit expansion and sugar accumulation.

Pruning and hanging vine cultivation of muskmelon in solar greenhouse and greenhouse should be strictly pruned and cultivated with hanging vine. When the seedlings grow to 4 or 5 true leaves, choose a strong vine to grow, and the rest of the lateral vines should be erased; the varieties whose vines are easier to sit can not be plucked. Melon vines can be pulled by nylon rope or hemp rope, the stem vines can be wrapped around the rope, and the rest of the lateral vines can be removed in time. Single vine pruning is used in most varieties of muskmelon cultivation, and double vine pruning can also be used in small fruit varieties.

4. Watering should be controlled from planting to the front of the vine.

To the extension period, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be applied once, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied properly, 15 kg of urea, 10 kg of diammonium phosphate and 5 kg of potassium sulfate should be applied every 667 square meters, and then watered immediately after fertilization. Watering should be controlled before and one week after flowering to prevent the plant from growing and affecting the sitting melon. After planting, entering the melon expansion period, 10 kg of potassium sulfate and 20 kg of diammonium phosphate can be applied every 667 square meters. After this fertilizer and water, the water was watered again every 7-10 days, and no more watering was done 10-15 days before harvest. When the double-layer melon is retained, the affected material is applied for the third time in the expansion period of the upper melon, and 1520kg of potassium sulfate and 1520kg of diammonium phosphate are applied every 667 square meters. In addition to the application of quick-acting chemical fertilizer, rotten chicken dung can also be applied with water during the expansion period, 300 kg per 667 square meters or 100 kg of mature bean cake. During the growing period, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or photosynthetic micro-fertilizer can be sprayed 2 times for 3 times.

Fifth, there are different ways to retain melons in the production of artificial pollination, such as single-layer melon and double-layer melon. The single-layer retained melon is left in the 12th-15th nodes of the stem, and the double-layer retained melon is left in each 1215 and 22nd-25th nodes of the stem. When the reserved female flowers bloom, at 9: 11 a.m., the male flowers that dare to open on the same day, remove the petals, and gently apply the pollen of the male flowers on the stigma of the pistil. Each plant pollinated at 2-3 nodes.

VI. Ding Gua and Ding Gua

When the young fruit grows to the size of a walnut to the size of an egg, you should choose the remaining melon, that is, the fixed melon. In general, small fruit varieties (varieties with a single melon weight of 0.75 kg) leave 1 melon on each double vine, while large fruit varieties (varieties with a single fruit weight of more than 0.75 kg) leave only 1 melon per plant. The principle and order of keeping melons are as follows: ① melon shape is normal, no deformity, in line with the characteristics of varieties; ② growth and development is fast, when the size of melon is similar, the melon is pollinated after pollination; ③ node is moderate.

When the young melon grows to about 250 grams, you should hang the melon in time. Tie the fine hemp rope with a live knot to the part of the melon stalk near the fruit, hang the rope on the upper wire, and hang the melon to the position level with the sitting melon node.