Winter pruning measures for apple trees growing apples

In the shaping and pruning of apple trees, the selection of tree shape mode should be targeted, and high spindle shape modern cultivation should be adopted for newly-built orchards. We should also make up our mind to transform the aged closed orchards.

The transformation of apple canopy closed orchard mainly adopts the principles of thinning, lifting stem, dropping head, removing too many branches and removing large lateral branches, so as to transform apple trees into trees with high light efficiency and labor-saving.

The canopy of apple trees with open stratification and spindle shape of three main branches densely planted in Arbor must begin to change after 10 years old, which is also in line with the law of growth and fruit of apple trees in Arbor rootstock. It is necessary to undergo a major operation to change the canopy and messy tree shape into a high light efficiency tree shape to solve the problem of too many backbone branches. Many fruit growers are reluctant to give up, and their first reaction is distressed and unable to do so. in fact, they do not understand the growth law of fruit trees, and the concept of high spindle apple orchard management is more scientific.

For the transformation of the closed garden, first of all, thinning the original temporary plants according to the situation, an one-time solution, leaving no aftermath. The permanent plants left by the key transformation are mainly plastic transformation, combined with the results of plastic surgery.

The transformation of the big tree is divided into three steps:

The first step is to lift the stem: cut off the big main branch of the base year by year, and finally raise the dry height to more than 1-1.5 meters.

The second step: falling the head should be carried out year by year, and the final height of the tree should be controlled at 2.5-3 meters, which is convenient for picking, spraying and other field operations.

The third step is to thinning the side branches: the main branches keep uniaxial extension, and focus on thinning the large side branches left on the main branches. all the side branches that are thicker than the main branches 1 to 3 should be gradually thinned, and the fruiting branches should be re-cultivated to thoroughly solve the problem of competitive branches.

In the tree transformation, we should pay attention to solve the problem of no distinction between master and subordinate, cut off the retrograde branches, solve the problem of tree disorder, and leave some moderate branches on the back of the main branches to prevent sunburn. The overlong drooping fruiting branch group was reinvigorated, and the fruiting part was rejuvenated in three shifts, that is, the fruiting branch in the current year, the fruiting branch in the next year and the fruiting branch in the third year. Take the way of leaving reserve branches to achieve rotation results, avoid the occurrence of big and small years, and ensure high yield and high quality every year. Major remodeling must be done in time to protect the wound, and the cutting blade with a thickness of more than 3 cm needs to be smeared with fruit tree wound healing agent.

Finally, the shape of the tree keeps 4-6 big branches, and each big branch retains 20-30 small fruiting branches. The whole transformation will take 2 ~ 3 years to complete. The yield will be affected in the first two years after the transformation, and the yield will basically remain at the original level, but the quality will be greatly improved.