Technical measures for flower and fruit protection of growing mango

Mango flowering and fruiting period is a very critical period in mango production management. The management measures for flowering and fruiting period include the following aspects:

1. Arrangement of flowering branches. About 2 months before flower bud differentiation, overdense branches, shady weak branches and pest branches should be deleted, and only 1~2 shoots should be left for each branch, which can increase the transparency of crown, facilitate the concentration of nutrients and form good ventilation and illumination conditions, promote flower bud differentiation and prevent pest occurrence.

2. Cultivate and attract flies for pollination. Longan garden before flowering, in the orchard piled garbage or retting bran manure, chicken manure, salted fish fragments, livestock viscera, etc., can be cultivated and attracted flies to come to the orchard breeding pollination. But flies can only be used for partial pollination.

3. Application of trace elements and calcium fertilizer. Mango from flowering to young fruit period can be used to reduce soil acidity and harmful iron, aluminum, manganese content, improve calcium levels. Generally, 0.6~0.8 kg lime is applied to each plant, or 2% calcium chloride solution is sprayed from flowering to fruiting stage. Zinc and boron can be sprayed once 10 days before flowering and after full flowering and withering to promote pollination and seed setting. When applied, it can be mixed with pesticides for foliar fertilization and irrigation at the same time. 100g zinc sulfate and 50g borax were applied to each plant before autumn shoot germination.

4. Spraying flower and fruit protection chemicals: 50~100ppm gibberellin, spraying once every 15~20 days after flowering, spraying 2~3 times in total, has a certain effect on improving the fruit setting rate. Or use the following methods: full bloom: 50~70PPm anti-falling element spraying (Sichuan)+0.3% borax spraying. 1 week after flowering: spray with 50~70PPm of anti-falling element (Sichuan) or 300 times of multi-effect good or 1.8% Aiduo harvest 0.5-1ppm+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. 2-3 weeks after flowering: spray with 30 - 50ppm "920" plus 0.3% urea.

5. Topdressing. (1) rhizosphere topdressing: from flowering to rapid expansion of young fruit, topdressing according to tree potential and fruit yield. Nitrogen and potash fertilizer were the main fertilizers. Urea and potassium fertilizer are applied to trees under 10 years old, urea and potassium fertilizer are applied to trees over 10 years old, and potassium fertilizer is applied to trees with few fruits. During the fruit growth period, the weak trees with more fruits can be supplemented with appropriate nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in June. (2) Topdressing outside roots: spray 0.3% boric acid and 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once at full bloom, final bloom and young fruit stage respectively.

6. Fruit thinning and pruning. Fruit thinning is carried out within 15~30 days after flowering, when the young fruit is as big as peanut grain, only 2~4 fruits are reserved for each ear, and the reserved position is best in the center. Select the young fruit with larger color, tender green color and strong growth vitality, and the fruits left are evenly distributed in the crown and among branches. It is appropriate to not stick together between fruits. Mango in physiological fruit drop, the spike axis is difficult to fall off naturally, should be manually cut off, so as not to wind scratch peel, affect the appearance. However, the varieties of Irwin and Jinhuangmang should be preserved.

7. Promote coloring. Some varieties with good red pericarp, such as Hongmang No.6, Ewen Mang, etc., remove the shade weak branches, pest branches and other branches covering the fruit during pruning in the middle fruit period, so that a fruit receives sufficient light and coloring evenly. Spraying 70% thionitrile-quinone WP for 1~2 times before bagging can make the appearance of Irvine red, spraying 50% benomyl WP can promote the tender peel and produce fruit powder, spraying 80% sulfur WP can promote the peel to have red and yellow color and produce fruit powder.

8. Bagging. Fruit bagging is the best way to protect mango fruit from pests and diseases. Before bagging, spray sterilization and insecticide, or put the paper bag into the liquid medicine and use it, then tie it tightly, and leave a leakage hole at the bottom of the bag to remove the accumulated water in the bag. The size of mango bags varies according to varieties, the general specifications are: 22~30 cm long, 15~20 cm wide, paper bag materials can be white wax paper, black kraft paper and non-woven fabric composition. Bagging time is generally stable in fruit setting, that is, the end of the second physiological fruit drop, fruit growth and development to egg size is appropriate. The bagging of purple awn should be done 35 days after flowering, and that of Irvine awn should be done 30~50 days before harvest, which is beneficial to fruit coloring. Golden mango can be bagged early or 45 days before harvest.