Key points of winter cutting techniques for planting peach trees

Peach trees can be cut in winter after falling leaves and before sprouting next year. It is important to grasp the following points during winter cutting:

First, pruning schemes and methods must be determined according to the growth and fruiting habits of peach trees.

1. Peach trees are extremely positive. Therefore, the problem of lighting must be considered in pruning. No matter what tree shape is used, in fact, there can be no branches crossing, overlapping and shading each other, so that the branches can see light in the growing season, which is what we usually call "high light efficiency".

2. Peach trees are the result of new technology. Therefore, in pruning, the old branches that bear peaches last year must be removed (strong trees can leave part of the branches, single branches can be updated to remove the weak branches that have borne fruit in the front, and new branches that can be used in the back), leaving only the appearance of the strong spring of the same year. 30-50 cm long with full flower buds, and the new branches of the same year with chopsticks thick are peach branches for next year.

3. The polar growth of peach trees is very strong, and it is easy to die and move outward at the back of the inner chamber and backbone branches. Therefore, it is necessary to take more measures to suppress the front and promote the future, such as sparse the big and keep the small, the old and the new, before and after, sparse and stay, and so on.

Second, different tree shapes are determined according to different planting densities of peach trees.

1. For peach trees planted with high density, the "trunk shape" of 333 trees planted in 2 × 1 mu should be adopted. This kind of tree management is the simplest, most convenient and most productive. There are many people who dare not believe that the planting density of 2 × 1 will succeed. They think that peach trees grow very fast and grow densely after a few years, not to mention densely planted. In fact, the root of a tree is allowed to occupy a very small nutritional area, limited nutrient supply, as long as the old in the first year, thick and thin, it is not easy to seal, but also can take advantage of its fast growth characteristics. Realize the early hanging fruit and the early benefit. For example, a 2 × 1 peach tree occupies only 2 square meters, while the density of 3 × 4, if shaped according to a single-layer plane, is more likely to cause interrow, interplant transition, crossover, and easier to seal.

2. Balanced planting cultivation, such as 3 × 4 peach orchard, was originally managed according to the back-to-ground inner plane happy tree structure, but there was no interrow, interplant intersection and re-superposition, it was still managed according to the single-layer plane happy tree model. If there has been cross-overlap, it is necessary to select strong branches germinated on the back of each main branch to increase 1-2 small branches (unbranched erect long branches in vain or secondary branches with branches) during winter shearing. The distance between the main branches should be more than 1 meter, and the height of the main branches should be less than two meters. The total number of small main branches of the whole tree can be about 6, making it change from single-layer plane happy shape to "one main multi-stem shape" (can also be called trunk + happy shape).

3. Sparse planting cultivation, such as 3 × 2 or other planting specifications, originally according to the spindle shape, then the trunk shape, inverted herringbone shape, side inverted management, as long as there is no intersection, overlap, no dense season, and can be used up efficiently, it should be maintained. However, it must be noted that new branches with a length of 30-50 cm must be used to bear fruit, the fruiting branches are not short, and the old branches that have borne peaches are removed every year, and the group of thick fruiting branches is removed, so that the fruit trees can bear peaches every year while the yield is not reduced. It can also send out enough peach red branches in the coming year. If the above can be done in place, these trees can still grow, and they can still produce a lot of crops, without the need for rigid modification.

Third, the amount of retained branches is determined according to different tree potential.

For a moderately strong peach tree, the branches left after winter pruning are converted into 1 meter long peach branches, which can produce 1 kilogram of high quality peach. According to this standard, a combined amount of branches can be calculated according to the strength of the soil, the age of the tree and the size of the covered area when cutting in winter. For example, for peach trees that go to the top for four years, if the high site produces 10000 jin of peach per mu, 30-50 cm long peach branches can be reserved to 10000-12000 per mu. If the tree is strong, the number of retained branches and yield can be slightly larger, and if the tree is weak or the tree age is small, and the coverage rate is less than 75%, the number of branches and yield per mu can be less.