Management measures of planting peach trees

Strengthen the nutrition of trees

The growth of branches and the expansion of leaf area provide the basis for making nutrients for flower bud differentiation, which is beneficial to flower bud differentiation. If there are too many fruits in that year, the tree will be weakened, resulting in the weakening of branch growth in that year. On the contrary, if the plant grows too much and consumes too much nutrients, it will inhibit flower bud differentiation. Therefore, it is necessary to timely regulate the tree potential and solve the contradiction of nutritional competition among peach growth, fruit and flower bud formation, so as to facilitate the smooth differentiation of flower buds. In the process of pruning in summer, it is necessary to improve the light of the crown as far as possible, increase the storage of tree nutrition, and enrich the development of each part of the flower organ. At the same time, strengthen the management of fertilizer and water after fruit harvest.

Strengthen the prevention and control of diseases and pests

The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests should be strengthened after fruit harvest, combined with foliar fertilization to prevent abnormal defoliation in early autumn and promote leaf photosynthesis efficiency and photosynthate accumulation. thus, the poor quality of flower bud differentiation and the degeneration of pistil caused by the lack of storage nutrients can be overcome.

Artificial assisted pollination

Peach tree is a kind of tree with high self-flowering seed setting rate, but abnormal climate such as low temperature, overcast rain and frost will have adverse effects on fruit setting, while artificial pollination can effectively improve fruit setting rate, promote fruit neatness, straightness and have an increasing trend. In the selection of pollination varieties, the varieties with large number of flowers and florescence are often selected, and multiple varieties are mixed or planted in the proportion of 1:4 or 1:5 in the production.

Artificial pollination is generally carried out in the following ways:

1. Adoption of pollen. The collection of peach anthers adopts the following simple methods: 1-2 days before the early flowering stage, put the pollinated flowers on a smooth paint table, gently rub the flowers with your hands, then sift them, and obtain the anthers; you can also put the flowers in an iron sieve with a diameter of 0.25 cm, spread the smooth white paper under the sieve, and then gently rub the flowers with your hands, and the anthers leak on the white paper. Although there is some waste of anthers by using the above methods, the experiment shows that the anther loss rate is generally less than 20%, but the work efficiency can be increased by tens of times compared with taking anthers with tweezers.

2. The treatment method of pollen. The methods are natural drying, hot Kang drying and electric lamp drying.

The problems that should be paid attention to when drying the anther: one is the temperature. If the temperature is too high, the germination rate is low and the amount of powder is less; if the temperature is too low, the drying time is long. The suitable drying temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the temperature is relatively stable. The second is time. The drying time is generally about 36 hours at a temperature of 20-25 ℃. Third, do not expose pollen in the sun. The germination rate of sun-dried pollen is only 10-20%, while the germination rate of dried and dried pollen can reach more than 50%.

3. Storage of pollen. In addition to being used for artificial pollination in the same year, if there is any surplus, the pollen can be refrigerated for pollination of fruit trees in greenhouse in winter or reused in the coming year. Generally, the pollen is sealed in a brown glass bottle; it can also be sealed in a plastic bag, wrapped in black paper, then packed in a plastic bag, and then stored in a refrigerator below zero. When in use, the germination test should be done. The vitality of pollen stored by this method can generally reach more than 70% after one year.

4. Artificial pollination. In full bloom, the collected pollen is made into saccharuria pollen liquid, which is sprayed with a sprayer. The formula of sugar and urine pollen liquid is 5 kg of water + 10 g of pollen + 10 g of urea + 5 g of borax + 100 g of sugar + a little adhesive. Or spraying 10-20 mg / kg of PCPA during flowering and 20 mg of tea acetic acid after anthesis can increase the fruit setting rate. You can also mix the prepared pollen with talc or milk powder at the ratio of 1:5 to 10, dip it in the rubber head and light the flowers, or put it in a gauze bag, shake it on the tree and sprinkle the pollen for pollination. Pollination time is carried out from the top and outside of the crown to the crown. Repeated 3-4 times in the full flowering stage can significantly increase the fruit setting rate.

5. Pollination by bees. In orchards with more than 20% pollination and uniform configuration, the release of wall bees or bees at flowering stage can significantly increase the fruit setting rate. The pollination effect of wild bee fork wall wasp is better, and the fruit setting rate of peach orchard can be increased by 11%. The method is that 3-5 days before the peach tree blossoms, the bee cocoon is removed from the 4-5 °C refrigerator or fruit bank and loaded into the honeycomb tube. Each honeycomb tube contains a bee cocoon, the head of the bee cocoon faces the tube mouth, and the tube mouth is sealed with thinner toilet paper to facilitate bee feathering out of the hive. Then hang the honeycomb tube (50 or 100 bundles) on the south wall of the orchard guard room near the recycling nest tube to facilitate recycling. 50-70 adult bees per mu.

Reasonable delay in flowering

The main results are as follows: 1. The ground is covered with crop straw in early spring to reduce ground radiation and delay ground warming.

2. White the trunk to reduce the absorption of solar energy by the trunk.