Scientific fertilization method for planting plums

I. types of fertilization

1. Base fertilizer: base fertilizer is a fertilizer that can supply plum trees with a variety of nutrients for a long time, generally with delayed farm manure, such as compost, barnyard manure, crop straw, green manure, deciduous leaves and so on. An appropriate amount of available nitrogen fertilizer can be added to the base fertilizer to meet the large amount of nitrogen needed for plum sprouting and flowering in early spring. It is better to apply basic fertilizer in autumn, and the soil temperature is higher in autumn, which can make the farm manure fully mature in that year. At the same time, the root system has another growth peak in autumn, the injured root is easy to heal, and the new root can grow and continue to absorb nutrients. The application of base fertilizer in spring had little effect on the germination and growth of plum trees in early spring.

two。 Topdressing: according to the characteristics of fertilizer needed in each phenological period of plum trees, a certain amount of available fertilizer was applied by stages in the growing season.

The time for topdressing plum trees is generally divided into the following periods:

(1) topdressing before flowering: in order to meet the needs of plum sprouting and flowering, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be applied about 10 days before plum sprouting.

(2) topdressing after anthesis: at this time, young fruit and new shoots entered the growth peak at the same time. In order to avoid competing for fertilizer, quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied in time to reduce physiological fruit drop, increase fruit setting rate and promote young fruit and new shoot growth at the same time.

(3) topdressing in the period of fruit expansion and bud differentiation: the application of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can greatly improve photosynthetic efficiency and promote the accumulation of tree nutrients, which is beneficial to fruit expansion and flower bud differentiation.

(4) topdressing in the later stage of fruit growth: topdressing during the period from fruit coloring to harvest. This time, it is better to use phosphorus and potassium fertilizer as the main fertilizer, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer combined with foliar spraying, so as not to promote the growth after autumn and affect the nutrient accumulation of the tree. This fertilizer is very important for tree growth, high and stable yield, fruit quality and next year's yield.

Second, the amount of fertilizer applied is generally less for young trees, less for those with high soil fertility, more for big trees and weak trees, and more for mountains and barren beaches with poor fertility. For adult plum trees, about 50 kg of farm manure is applied to each plant. Topdressing each plant urea, potash fertilizer each 250 grams, calcium superphosphate 1.5-2.5 kg. The concentration of urea foliar fertilizer spraying is 0.3 ‰-0.5 ‰.