Autumn management of plum orchard for planting plums

Autumn is an important period for plum trees to restore their potential and accumulate nutrients. The application of scientific management measures can increase the reserve of tree nutrition, promote the further differentiation of flower buds, and lay a good foundation for high yield and high quality in the following year. After years of practice, all the Li Garden with proper management technical measures in this period will be able to produce high yield and high quality in the following year. The autumn management techniques of Li Yuan are summarized as follows.

First, fertilizer and water management

1. Foliar fertilizer spraying: spraying 0.3-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate as soon as possible after fruit harvest, in order to improve the nutrient accumulation of the tree, promote leaf assimilation and branch enrichment, and enhance the tree potential to survive the winter.

2. Base fertilizer: base fertilizer was applied from late August to early October. The amount of fertilizer applied was 20-30kg per plant in the early fruit stage, 30-50kg per plant in the full fruit stage, 0.5-1.0kg of urea and 1.5kg of compound fertilizer (N, ∶, P, ∶ and K = 15 ∶ 12 ∶ 15). Using the method of radial trench application, in the tree plate 1DUP 2 as the starting point, the outer end is flush with the outer edge of the crown, dig 7-9 radial ditches, 30-40 cm deep and 40 cm wide, sprinkle the mixed fertilizer into the ditch, and then cover a layer of soil. In this period, the root system is at the growth peak, the broken root is easy to heal and grow, the decomposition time of fertilizer is sufficient, and the degree of mineralization is high. Part of the fertilizer can be absorbed and utilized by the tree in the same year to promote leaf assimilation, which is conducive to the production and accumulation of nutrition. to meet the needs of sprouting, flowering, fruit setting and growth of plum trees in the following year.

3. Irrigation: the first water should be irrigated in time after fruit harvest, and the amount of irrigation depends on the soil moisture, so that the soil moisture is most beneficial to the growth and development of plum trees. When irrigating, a ditch with a depth of 20cm to 25cm is opened between the lines of Li Yuan, and the trench direction is preferably perpendicular to the waterway. Fill the ditch in time after irrigation. In the future, whether to irrigate or not is determined according to the soil moisture, and irrigate once before the soil is frozen, in order to enhance the photosynthesis of leaves, promote the accumulation of nutrients, and help the trees to survive the winter.

II. Soil ploughing

Generally in early September-early October combined with autumn application of base fertilizer for soil ploughing, ploughing depth of 20-40 cm. During this period, the aboveground plants grew slowly, the assimilation products were consumed less, and began to reflux and accumulate. Therefore, ploughing the soil in this period coincides with the second or third growth peak of plum roots, and the wound is easy to heal; at the same time, it is easy to grow new roots, which is conducive to the absorption and synthesis of nutrients, increase tree accumulation, and is conducive to the growth and development of the following year. In addition, after ploughing in this period, after a long winter, it is beneficial to soil weathering and soil permeability. It can also eliminate underground pests and root weeds and root tillers.

III. Tree management

1. Clear the tree: pick off the disease and insect fruit that remain on the tree, concentrate and bury them deeply, and remove the root tillers from the root stem.

2. Qingtuan: remove weeds and litter from the ground, clear them out of the garden or burn them centrally, so as to reduce the number of overwintering diseases and insect sources.

IV. Shaping and pruning

After the fruit was harvested, the heart was picked and the branches were thinned combined with the clear trees. Attention should be paid to the selection of strong branches in suitable positions, thinning of weak, disease and insect pests, dense growth, sagging and overdense inner chamber, and coring of the remaining branches. Improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the trees, so as to enrich the branches and survive the winter, and lay a good foundation for winter shearing.

V. Disease and pest control

In order to protect leaves and reduce the overwintering base of pests, the trees can be sprayed with 1000-fold solution of 50% carbendazim, 800-1000 times of thiophanate methyl, 80-1000 times of mancozeb, or 1500-2000 times of diclofenac EC to control Hawthorn red spider. The control of plum borer can be treated with 2.5% phoxim 3000 times, or 50% phoxim + 40% omethoate, or 20% permethrin 3000 times.

VI. Overwintering protection

White the trunk before freezing the soil (adding an appropriate amount of fungicide to the whitening agent) to protect the tree safely through the winter.